Solidification Microstructure and Wear Properties of Undercooled Cu-Co/Cu-Co-Fe Alloys Under a High Magnetic Field

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00088

Acta Metall Sin

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (11): 1571-1583 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00088

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Solidification Microstructure and Wear Properties of Undercooled Cu-Co/Cu-Co-Fe Alloys Under a High Magnetic Field

WEI Chen, WANG Jun(

), YAN Yujie, FAN Jiayi, LI Jinshan(

)

State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Cite this article:

WEI Chen, WANG Jun, YAN Yujie, FAN Jiayi, LI Jinshan. Solidification Microstructure and Wear Properties of Undercooled Cu-Co/Cu-Co-Fe Alloys Under a High Magnetic Field. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(11): 1571-1583.

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Abstract

As functional metal materials, immiscible alloys demonstrate wide application prospects in industrial and electronic fields. Immiscible alloys with a uniformly distributed minority phase are a potential substitute for the materials applied in the manufacture of electric contactors and wear-resistant automotive components. Understanding the evolution of various microstructures of immiscible alloys and its correlation with their wear behavior is crucial for their industrial applications. Owing to the liquid-phase separation characteristics of binary Cu-Co and ternary Cu-Co-Fe immiscible alloys, segregation occurred or even a layered microstructure was formed by using conventional casting methods, and obtaining a uniform microstructure was difficult, which seriously limited their applications. This study presents a new strategy for inhibiting the liquid-phase separation and improving the properties of immiscible alloys. Under a high magnetic field, the microstructure of an undercooled alloy was changed, affecting its wear behavior. The experimental results reveal that the microstructures of Cu₅₀Co₅₀ and Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloys showed dendritic morphology at modest undercooling without a magnetic field, while the microstructure of Cu₅₀Co₅₀ alloy exhibited a core-shell structure and Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloy exhibited an eccentric core-shell structure under large undercooling. Moreover, the application of a high magnetic field resulted in the more uniform microstructure of Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloy. With the application of a high magnetic field, the second phases generated by the phase separation of Cu₅₀Co₅₀ and Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloys were elongated parallel to the magnetic field direction, and the size of second phases in the alloys decreased significantly in the perpendicular field direction, however, the microstructures of the Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloy showed a more uniform distribution. Specimens with large undercoolings in Cu₅₀Co₅₀ and Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloys exhibited excellent wear resistance regardless of the application of a high magnetic field. Any alloy that examined abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms during the wear tests was characterized by rough surfaces generated by material detachment and parallel scratches in the sliding direction. Furthermore, the Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloy has a high hardness and a relatively uniform distribution of microstructure under a magnetic field, resulting in the best wear resistance.

Key words: immiscible alloy solidification high magnetic field wear

Received: 03 March 2023

ZTFLH:

TG146

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174375);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51690163);National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(S202210699088);Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province(2020KJXX-073);Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(2023-TS-13)

Corresponding Authors: WANG Jun, professor, Tel: (029)88460568, E-mail: nwpuwj@nwpu.edu.cn;
LI Jinshan, professor, Tel: (029)88460568, E-mail: ljsh@nwpu.edu.cn

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	WEI Chen
	WANG Jun
	YAN Yujie
	FAN Jiayi
	LI Jinshan

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00088 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2024/V60/I11/1571

Fig.1 Schematic of solidification facility under the magnet

Fig.2 OM images of microstructures of the Cu₅₀Co₅₀ alloys solidified at different undercoolings (ΔT) and magnetic fields ( B ) (a-j) and secondary electron (SE) SEM images of the boxed regions in Figs.2a-j, respectively (a1-j1) (a, a1) 0 T, ΔT = 99 K (b, b1) 0 T, ΔT = 256 K (c, c1, d, d1) 5 T, ΔT = 133 K (e, e1, f, f1) 5 T, ΔT = 258 K (g, g1, h, h1) 10 T, ΔT = 116 K (i, i1, j, j1) 10 T, ΔT = 267 K

Fig.3 OM images of microstructures of the Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloys solidified at different ΔT and magnetic fields (a-j) and SE-SEM images of the boxed regions in Figs.3a-j, respectively (a1-j1) (a, a1) 0 T, ΔT = 45 K (b, b1) 0 T, ΔT = 224 K (c, c1, d, d1) 5 T, ΔT = 86 K (e, e1, f, f1) 5 T, ΔT = 244 K (g, g1, h, h1) 10 T, ΔT = 110 K (i, i1, j, j1) 10 T, ΔT = 254 K

Fig.4 Worn surface morphologies of the Cu₅₀Co₅₀ alloy at different ΔT and magnetic fields (a-f) and corresponding enlarged images of boxed regions (a1-f1)

Fig.5 Worn surfaces morphologies of Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloy at different ΔT and magnetic fields (a-f) and corresponding enlarged images of boxed regions (a1-f1)

Fig.6 Curves of friction coefficient vs time under different ΔT and magnetic fields of 0 T (a), 5 T (b) and 10 T (c), and average friction coefficients (d) of Cu₅₀Co₅₀ alloys (Inset in Fig.6a is the schematic of friction test)

Fig.7 Curves of friction coefficient vs time under different ΔT and magnetic fields of 0 T (a), 5 T (b) and 10 T (c), and average friction coefficients (d) of Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloys (Inset in Fig.7a is the schematic of friction test)

Fig.8 Curves of friction coefficient vs time under different ΔT and magnetic fields of 0 T (a), 5 T (b), and 10 T (c) of Cu₅₀Co₅₀ and Cu₅₂Co₂₄Fe₂₄ alloys

Fig.9 Microhardnesses of the Co-rich phase in Cu₅₀Co₅₀ and the Co, Fe-rich phase in Cu₅₂Fe₂₄Co₂₄ alloys under different ΔT and magnetic fields

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