Effect of Transverse Static Magnetic Field on Microstructure of Al-12%Si Alloys Fabricated by Powder-BlowAdditive Manufacturing

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00305

Acta Metall Sin

2018, Vol. 54

Issue (6): 918-926 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00305

Orginal Article

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Effect of Transverse Static Magnetic Field on Microstructure of Al-12%Si Alloys Fabricated by Powder-BlowAdditive Manufacturing

Sansan SHUAI¹, Xin LIN², Wuquan XIAO¹, Jianbo YU¹, Jiang WANG¹(

), Zhongming REN¹

1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Cite this article:

Sansan SHUAI, Xin LIN, Wuquan XIAO, Jianbo YU, Jiang WANG, Zhongming REN. Effect of Transverse Static Magnetic Field on Microstructure of Al-12%Si Alloys Fabricated by Powder-BlowAdditive Manufacturing. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(6): 918-926.

Download:

HTML

PDF(7662KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

Due to the great advantage in manufacturing component with complex structures, additive manufacturing (3D print), essentially the rapid solidification of tiny metallic molten pool (hemisphere like with diameter ranging from dozens of microns to several millimeters) has become an important formation technique. Using powder laser melting, the effect of transverse static magnetic field on the solidified structure of additive manufactured Al-12%Si alloy was studied. The macrostructure was formed by white band (mainly primary α-Al phase) and dark grey area (mainly eutectic phase) and no obvious influence was presented with or without static transverse magnetic field of 0.35 T. However, for the microstructure, the primary α-Al in dark grey area formed as columnar structure without magnetic field was found to transform to dendritic like with developed dendrite arms when under a static transverse magnetic field. The analysis on thermoelectricity and dimensionless Hartman parameter which used to characterize the restriction of static magnetic field on molten flows show that under a static transverse magnetic field of 0.35 T, the thermoelectric magnetic force can be as high as a magnitude of 10⁵ N/m³, and Hartman values is far more than 10. The results indicate that the Marigoni and thermosolutal convection in laser melting pool was restricted. The transform from columnar to equiaxed dendrite of primary α-Al in dark grey area under static magnetic field was attributed to the fragmentation by thermoelectric magnetic force (10⁵ N/m³) in solid phase. In addition, the formation of high order dendrite arms was supposed to be caused by the restriction of static magnetic field on the melt.

Key words: additive manufacturing transverse static magnetic field Al-12%Si alloy columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) thermoelectric magnetic force

Received: 21 July 2017

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51690162 and 51604171), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.2017T100291 and 2017M611530) and Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU (Nos.SKLSP201706 and SKLSP201602)

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	Sansan SHUAI
	Xin LIN
	Wuquan XIAO
	Jianbo YU
	Jiang WANG
	Zhongming REN

URL:

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00305 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2018/V54/I6/918

Fig.1 Experimental apparatus (a) and schematic of magnetic field setup (b)

Fig.2 Morphology (a) and size distribution (b) of Al-12%Si powders

Fig.3 Macroscopic morphology of single layer deposition under different powder feeding capacities (a), denity curves of single-channel thin-wall specimens with different laser energies and scanning speeds (Insets show the samples with the lowest and highest fraction of porosity, respectively) (b), and additive manufactured specimen using optimum parameters under the conditions of the single-channel thin-wall sample physical map (feeding capacity: 30 g/min, laser energy: 600 W, scanning speed: 4.2 mm/s) (c)

Fig.4 The overall morphologies of macro and microstructure of longitudinal and side sections (B—magnetic field intensity)(a) single channel thin-wall sample(b) organization diagram cut out in Fig.4a(c, d) the overall morphologies of longitudinal sections without and with magnetic field intensity of 0.35 T(e, f) the overall morphologies of side-section without and with magnetic field intensity of 0.35 T

Fig.5 Top (a, b), central (c, d) and bottom (e, f) OM images of Al-12%Si samples by laser melting (regions extract from black box in Figs.4c and d) without (a, c, e) and with (b, d, f) 0.35 T magnetic field intensity (V_S—scan speed of laser)

Fig.6 Top (a, b), central (c, d) and bottom (e, f) high magnification OM images of Al-12%Si samples by laser melting (regions extract from black box in Fig.5) without (a, c, e) and with 0.35 T (b, d, f) magnetic field intensity

Fig.7 Schematics of effect of thermoelectric magnetic force on dendrites in molten pool under transverse steady magnetic field (F_S—thermoelectric magnetic force, F_χ—Lorentz force, B_x—magnetic field intensity in the X direction, I— current intensity, V_y—melting flow speed, J_TE—thermoelectric current intensity, TE—abbreviation of thermoelectric)(a) main view(b) side view(c) CET transition map(d) magnetic field suppression melt flow dia- gram

[1]	Yang S, Huang W D, Liu W J, et al.Research on laser rapid directional solidification with ultra-high temperature gradient[J]. Chin. J. Lasers, 2002, 29: 475(杨森, 黄卫东, 刘文今等. 激光超高温度梯度快速定向凝固研究[J]. 中国激光, 2002, 29: 475)
[2]	Kruth J P, Levy G, Klocke F, et al.Consolidation phenomena in laser and powder-bed based layered manufacturing[J]. CIRP Ann., 2007, 56: 730
[3]	Kobryn P A, Semiatin S L.The laser additive manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V[J]. JOM, 2001, 53(9): 40
[4]	Wang X Y, Chen J, Lin X, et al.Microstructures of laser forming repair 7050 aluminum alloy with AlSi12 powder[J]. Chin. J. Lasers, 2009, 36: 1585(王小艳, 陈静, 林鑫等. AlSi12粉激光成形修复7050铝合金组织[J]. 中国激光, 2009, 36: 1585)
[5]	Siddique S, Imran M, Wycisk E, et al.Influence of process-induced microstructure and imperfections on mechanical properties of AlSi12 processed by selective laser melting[J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2015, 221: 205
[6]	Song M H, Lin X, Yang G L, et al.Influence of forming atmosphere on the deposition characteristics of 2Cr13 stainless steel during laser solid forming[J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2014, 214: 701
[7]	Liu F C, Lin X, Huang C P, et al.The effect of laser scanning path on microstructures and mechanical properties of laser solid formed nickel-base superalloy Inconel 718[J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2011, 509: 4505
[8]	Goetz A, Hasler M F.The thermoanalysis of metal single crystals and a new thermoelectric effect of bismuth crystals grown in magnetic fields[J]. Phys. Rev., 1930, 36: 1752
[9]	Savitsky E M, Torchinova R S, Turanov S A.Effect of crystallization in magnetic field on the structure and magnetic properties of Bi-Mn alloys[J]. J. Cryst. Growth, 1981, 52: 519
[10]	Farrell D E, Chandrasekhar B S, De Guire M R, et al.Superconducting properties of aligned crystalline grains of Y1Ba2Cu3O7-δ[J]. Phys. Rev., 1987, 36B: 4025
[11]	Sassa K, Morikawa H, Asai S.Controls of precipitating phase alignment and crystal orientation using high magnetic field[J]. J. Jpn Inst. Met. Mater., 1997, 61: 1283(佐々健介, 森川拓, 浅井滋生. 強磁場による晶出相の配向と結晶方位の制御[J]. 日本金属学会誌, 1997, 61: 1283)
[12]	Tiller W A, Jackson K A, Rutter J W, et al.The redistribution of solute atoms during the solidification of metals[J]. Acta Metall., 1953, 1: 428
[13]	Li X, Gagnoud A, Fautrelle Y, et al.Dendrite fragmentation and columnar-to-equiaxed transition during directional solidification at lower growth speed under a strong magnetic field[J]. Acta Mater., 2012, 60: 3321
[14]	Li X, Fautrelle Y, Zaidat K, et al.Columnar-to-equiaxed transitions in Al-based alloys during directional solidification under a high magnetic field[J]. J. Cryst. Growth, 2010, 312: 267
[15]	Utech H P, Flemings M C.Elimination of solute banding in indium antimonide crystals by growth in a magnetic field[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1966, 37: 2021
[16]	Oreper G M, Szekely J.The effect of an externally imposed magnetic field on buoyancy driven flow in a rectangular cavity[J]. J. Cryst. Growth, 1983, 64: 505
[17]	Witt A F, Herman C J, Gatos H C.Czochralski-type crystal growth in transverse magnetic fields[J]. J. Mater. Sci., 1970, 5: 822
[18]	Lehmann P, Moreau R, Camel D, et al.Modification of interdendritic convection in directional solidification by a uniform magnetic field[J]. Acta Mater., 1998, 46: 4067
[19]	Tewari S N, Shah R, Song H.Effect of magnetic field on the microstructure and macrosegregation in directionally solidified Pb-Sn alloys[J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 1994, 25A: 1535
[20]	Moreau R, Laskar O, Tanaka M, et al.Thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic effects on solidification of metallic alloys in the dendritic regime[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 1993, A173: 93
[21]	Li X, Fautrelle Y, Ren Z M.Influence of thermoelectric effects on the solid-liquid interface shape and cellular morphology in the mushy zone during the directional solidification of Al-Cu alloys under a magnetic field[J]. Acta Mater., 2007, 55: 3803
[22]	Xuan W D, Ren Z M, Li C J.Effect of a high magnetic field on microstructures of Ni-based superalloy during directional solidification[J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 620: 10
[23]	Wang J, Fautrelle Y, Ren Z M, et al.Thermoelectric magnetic force acting on the solid during directional solidification under a static magnetic field[J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2012, 101: 251904
[24]	Mikelson A E, Karklin Y K.Control of crystallization processes by means of magnetic fields[J]. J. Cryst. Growth, 1981, 52: 524
[25]	Wang C J, Dong M, Liu T, et al.Effects of high magnetic fields on the distribution of primary α-Al dendrites of Al-7%Si alloys during solidification[J]. Mater. Rev., 2016, 30(2): 90(王长久, 董蒙, 刘铁等. 强磁场对Al-7%Si合金凝固过程中初生α-Al枝晶分布的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2016, 30(2): 90)
[26]	Li X, Gagnoud A, Ren Z M, et al.Investigation of thermoelectric magnetic convection and its effect on solidification structure during directional solidification under a low axial magnetic field[J]. Acta Mater., 2009, 57: 2180
[27]	Yu X B.Microstructure and mechanical properties of GH4169 superalloy fabricated by electromagnetic stirring assisted laser solid forming [D]. Nanchang: Nanchang Aeronautical University, 2015(余小斌. 电磁搅拌激光立体成形GH4169合金的组织和力学性能研究 [D]. 南昌: 南昌航空大学, 2015)
[28]	Wang W, Cai L, Yang G, et al.Research on the coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding[J]. Chin. J. Lasers, 2012, 39: 0403003(王维, 才磊, 杨光等. 激光熔覆同轴送粉喷嘴研制[J]. 中国激光, 2012, 39: 0403003)
[29]	Dinda G P, Dasgupta A K, Bhattacharya S, et al.Microstructural characterization of laser-deposited Al 4047 alloy[J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2013, 44A: 2233
[30]	Dinda G P, Dasgupta A K, Mazumder J.Evolution of microstructure in laser deposited Al-11.28%Si alloy[J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2012, 206: 2152
[31]	Khine Y Y, Walker J S.Thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic effects during bridgman semiconductor crystal growth with a uniform axial magnetic field[J]. J Cryst. Growth, 1998, 183: 150
[32]	Willers B, Eckert S, Nikrityuk P A, et al.Efficient melt stirring using pulse sequences of a rotating magnetic field: Part II. Application to solidification of Al-Si alloys[J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2008, 39B: 304
[33]	Wu C Y.Effect of strong magnetic field on the microstructure and properties of materials [D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2003(吴存有. 强磁场作用力对材料组织和性能的影响 [D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2003)

[1]	LU Nannan, GUO Yimo, YANG Shulin, LIANG Jingjing, ZHOU Yizhou, SUN Xiaofeng, LI Jinguo. Formation Mechanisms of Hot Cracks in Laser Additive Repairing Single Crystal Superalloys[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1243-1252.
[2]	MU Yahang, ZHANG Xue, CHEN Ziming, SUN Xiaofeng, LIANG Jingjing, LI Jinguo, ZHOU Yizhou. Modeling of Crack Susceptibility of Ni-Based Superalloy for Additive Manufacturing via Thermodynamic Calculation and Machine Learning[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1075-1086.
[3]	WU Dongjiang, LIU Dehua, ZHANG Ziao, ZHANG Yilun, NIU Fangyong, MA Guangyi. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Prepared by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(6): 767-776.
[4]	LI Shujun, HOU Wentao, HAO Yulin, YANG Rui. Research Progress on the Mechanical Properties of the Biomedical Titanium Alloy Porous Structures Fabricated by 3D Printing Technique[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(4): 478-488.
[5]	TANG Weineng, MO Ning, HOU Juan. Research Progress of Additively Manufactured Magnesium Alloys: A Review[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(2): 205-225.
[6]	HOU Xuru, ZHAO Lin, REN Shubin, PENG Yun, MA Chengyong, TIAN Zhiling. Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Marine High Strength Steel Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(10): 1311-1323.
[7]	FANG Yuanzhi, DAI Guoqing, GUO Yanhua, SUN Zhonggang, LIU Hongbing, YUAN Qinfeng. Effect of Laser Oscillation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Melting Deposition Titanium Alloys[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 136-146.
[8]	GE Jinguo, LU Zhao, HE Siliang, SUN Yan, YIN Shuo. Anisotropy in Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 2Cr13 Alloy Produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 157-168.
[9]	SONG Bo, ZHANG Jinliang, ZHANG Yuanjie, HU Kai, FANG Ruxuan, JIANG Xin, ZHANG Xinru, WU Zusheng, SHI Yusheng. Research Progress of Materials Design for Metal Laser Additive Manufacturing[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 1-15.
[10]	ZHANG Baicheng, ZHANG Wenlong, QU Xuanhui. Composition Design of Additive Manufacturing Materials Based on High Throughput Preparation[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 75-86.
[11]	LI Huizhao, WANG Caimei, ZHANG Hua, ZHANG Jianjun, HE Peng, SHAO Minghao, ZHU Xiaoteng, FU Yiqin. Research Progress of Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing Technology[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 106-124.
[12]	LIU Guang, CHEN Peng, YAO Xiyu, CHEN Pu, LIU Xingchen, LIU Chaoyang, YAN Ming. Properties of CrMoTi Medimum-Entropy Alloy and Its In Situ Alloying Additive Manufacturing[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(8): 1055-1064.
[13]	TANG Yanbing, SHEN Xinwang, LIU Zhihong, QIAO Yanxin, YANG Lanlan, LU Daohua, ZOU Jiasheng, XU Jing. Corrosion Behaviors of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 718 Alloy in NaOH Solution[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(3): 324-333.
[14]	WANG Di, HUANG Jinhui, TAN Chaolin, YANG Yongqiang. Review on Effects of Cyclic Thermal Input on Microstructure and Property of Materials in Laser Additive Manufacturing[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(10): 1221-1235.
[15]	WANG Yue, WANG Jijie, ZHANG Hao, ZHAO Hongbo, NI Dingrui, XIAO Bolv, MA Zongyi. Effects of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi10Mg Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(5): 613-622.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed