Recent Progress in Stress Analysis Technology and Application of Neutron Diffraction
LIN Hao1,2, LI Jian3, YANG Zhaolong3, ZHONG Shengyi2,4()
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China 2 National Key Laboratory of Neutron Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China 3 Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China 4 SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Cite this article:
LIN Hao, LI Jian, YANG Zhaolong, ZHONG Shengyi. Recent Progress in Stress Analysis Technology and Application of Neutron Diffraction. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(8): 1017-1030.
Neutron diffraction is an advanced experimental technology relying on the neutron source scientific device, which can obtain statistical information of the internal microstructure of materials in a non-destructive manner. It is an indispensable characterization method for establishing the intrinsic relationship between the microstructure, mesoscopic, and macroscopic structure and performance of materials. At the same time, it is an important method for quantitative non-destructive evaluation of residual stress inside key components of major technologies and equipment. This article briefly introduces the measurement principle and basic methods of neutron diffraction technology, elaborates on the research progress of this technology in material foundation and cutting-edge exploration, and evaluates its position and role in engineering component design, manufacturing, service, and safety assessment. Finally, based on the common requirements for the development of new materials and processes, the development potential of neutron diffraction technology for cross scale and multi parameter analysis is discussed, as well as its future development direction in high-throughput characterization.
Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1600900);Ocean Equipment Forward Innovation Joint Fund Project(ZCJDQZ202303A01);New Teacher Initiation Program(23X010502174)
Corresponding Authors:
ZHONG Shengyi, professor, Tel: (021)54740057, E-mail: shengyi.zhong@sjtu.edu.cn
Fig.1 Physical image of the neutron diffractometer “HETU”
Fig.2 Illustration and the results of the in-situ neutron diffraction measurements of the fatigue specimen in ENGIN-X[39] (a) arrangement of the fatigue specimen in ENGIN-X for measurements along both longitudinal and transversal directions (2θ—diffraction angle) (b) a comparison of two diffraction spectra obtained from both directions for the pre-fatigued MDF-1 showing the initial texture (MDF—multi-directional forging) (c, d) comparisons of pre- and post-fatigued MDF-1 for longitudinal (c) and transversal (d) directions, respectively (Diffraction spectra were normalised against {100} for longitudinal and {0002} for transversal direction)
Fig.3 Neutron diffraction peaks of (200) (a, b) and (211) (c, d) crystal planes in DP980 dual-phase steel at macroscopic stresses of 0 (a, c) and 1070 MPa (b, d) (Δ2θ—shift in the diffraction angle)[48]
Fig.4 Measured and simulated lattice strains of ferrite (F) and martensite (M) phases along the loading direction (LD) (a) and the transverse direction (TD) (b) as a function of macroscopically applied stress[48] (CPFEM—crystal plasticity finite element method)
Fig.5 Microstructures, phase characteristics, and mechanical properties of the homogenized NbTaTiV alloy, studied by SEM, neutron diffraction (ND), and true strain-stress curves during in situ ND experiments at elevated temperatures[49] (a) SEM-BSE image of the homogenization-treated NbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy (Inset shows the corresponding high magnified image) (b) ND patterns with the peaks indexed for a bcc structure at room temperature (RT), 500oC, 700oC, and 900oC (d-spacing—interplanar spacing) (c) true stress-strain curves recorded during the in situ compression experiment at RT, 500oC, 700oC, and 900oC with a strain rate of 1 × 10-4 s-1 (Table in Fig.5c show the yield strength (σy) and work-hardening exponent (N) of the present alloy gradually decreased from 1064 MPa (RT) to 595 MPa (900oC) and from 0.2732 (RT) to 0.1199 (900oC), respectively)
Fig.6 Crystal structure and deformation behavior of CrMnFeCoNi alloy at low temperature[51] (a) selected diffraction patterns at room temperature and at 15 K during deformation, showing a clean single-phase fcc structure (σu—ultimate tensile strength) (b) true stress-strain curves at room temperature, 140 K, and 15 K (The trend of temperature fluctuations (right-hand axis) due to serrations at 15 K is also superimposed) (c) two serrations are shown with temperature (plotted in reverse scale for better comparison) to illustrate details of serrated deformation (d) plots of strain-hardening rate (SHR) at three temperatures (Δσ—change in true stress, Δε—change in true strain) (e) SEM image of the fractured sample at 15 K showing the 45° wedge
Fig.7 The setup of in-situ neutron diffraction experiment (a) and a diffraction pattern of CNT/Al sample obtained from neutron diffraction at 2θ = 89° prior to loading (b)[54] (CNT—carbon nanotube)
Fig.8 Neutron diffraction measurement of residual stress distribution on railway tracks (a) and illustration of nominal stress distribution (unit: mm) (b)[70]
Fig.9 Schematic of experimental set up of the in-situ simultaneous neutron diffraction (ND) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS)[76] (B—magnetic flux density)
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