类竹纤维结构<strong>TiB/Ti</strong>复合材料设计、制备与强韧化机制

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00258

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (9): 1581-1590 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00258

研究论文

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类竹纤维结构TiB/Ti复合材料设计、制备与强韧化机制

魏子超, 吴华舵, 黄光法, 乐建温, 吕维洁, 韩远飞(

)

上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院金属基复合材料全国重点实验室上海 200240

Design and Fabrication of Bamboo-Fiber-Like TiB/Ti Composites with Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms

WEI Zichao, WU Huaduo, HUANG Guangfa, LE Jianwen, LV Weijie, HAN Yuanfei(

)

The State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

魏子超, 吴华舵, 黄光法, 乐建温, 吕维洁, 韩远飞. 类竹纤维结构TiB/Ti复合材料设计、制备与强韧化机制[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(9): 1581-1590.
Zichao WEI, Huaduo WU, Guangfa HUANG, Jianwen LE, Weijie LV, Yuanfei HAN. Design and Fabrication of Bamboo-Fiber-Like TiB/Ti Composites with Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(9): 1581-1590.

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摘要:

天然竹纤维因其独特的组织结构而具有优异的力学性能，可为金属基复合材料的增强体构型化设计提供重要启示。针对非连续增强钛基复合材料高强低塑的特点，受竹纤维高强韧化结构的启发，本工作制备了具有类竹纤维结构的TiB/Ti复合材料。通过对比类纤维结构与TiB晶须均匀分布增强钛基复合材料的力学性能发现，TiB晶须的类纤维结构对复合材料的力学行为和断裂机制具有重要影响。在相同TiB体积分数下，类纤维结构增强TiB/Ti复合材料的抗拉强度保持在TiB晶须均匀分布复合材料的相当水平，同时断裂延伸率达到19.1%。其较高强度主要归因于类纤维分布TiB晶须的高承载效率以及增强体诱导的细晶强化；与此同时，连续Ti基体区域协同提高了复合材料的应变硬化率，增强了其塑性变形能力，并可在与类纤维结构协同变形过程中有效钝化和偏转裂纹，从而进一步提高复合材料的韧性。

关键词 ：钛基复合材料, 仿生结构, 微观结构, 力学行为, 强韧化机理

Abstract：

Natural bamboo fiber possesses excellent mechanical properties due to its unique microstructure, providing valuable inspiration for the configurational design of reinforcement in metal matrix composites. To address the typical high-strength but low-ductility characteristics of discontinuously reinforced titanium matrix composites, TiB/Ti composites with a bamboo-fiber-inspired architecture were successfully fabricated in this work. Comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of the fiber-like structure with those of their uniform counterpart revealed that the fiber-like arrangement of TiB whiskers was important in mechanical behaviors and fracture mechanisms of the composites. At the same TiB volume fraction, the fiber-like structured TiB/Ti composite maintained the tensile strength comparable to that of the composite with uniformly distributed TiB whiskers, while achieving a fracture elongation of 19.1%. The high strength was mainly attributed to the high load-bearing efficiency of the fiber-like distributed TiB whiskers and the grain-refinement strengthening induced by the reinforcements. Meanwhile, the continuous Ti matrix region synergistically enhanced the strain-hardening rate and improved the plastic deformation capability of the composites. During the coordinated deformation of the continuous Ti matrix and the fiber-like structure, these matrix regions effectively blunted and deflected cracks, thereby further improving the toughness of the composite.

Key words： titanium matrix composites bionic structure microstructure mechanical behavior strengthening and toughening mechanism

收稿日期: 2024-08-14

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3701203);国家自然科学基金项目(52371138)

通讯作者: 韩远飞，hyuf1@sjtu.edu.cn，主要从事构型化钛基复合材料研究

Corresponding author: HAN Yuanfei, professor, Tel: 15026663706, E-mail: hyuf1@sjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 魏子超，男，1997年生，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00258 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I9/1581

图1 类竹纤维结构钛基复合材料(FLSCR-10%)的制备

图2 FLSCR-10%复合材料轧制棒材外观及横/纵截面宏观形貌的OM像

图3 轧制态TiB均匀分布的钛基复合材料(HS-4%)和FLSCR-10%复合材料纵截面微观组织的OM像及晶须长径比

图4 轧制态纯Ti及钛基复合材料纵截面的EBSD反极图和极图

图5 轧制态FLSCR-10%纤维区和基体区横截面的TEM明场像

图6 轧制态纯Ti、HS-4%和FLSCR-10%试样的室温拉伸曲线和加工硬化曲线

图7 轧制态FLSCR-10%和HS-4%复合材料的断口形貌SEM像

表1 HS-4%、FLSCR-10%复合材料的理论强化效果

图8 9%和14%应变时FLSCR-10%复合材料界面区域的反极图和应变分布图

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