后续热处理对激光<strong>3D</strong>打印<strong>GH4099</strong>合金微观组织和高温力学性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00208

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (1): 165-176 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00208

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

后续热处理对激光3D打印GH4099合金微观组织和高温力学性能的影响

赵亚楠, 郭乾应, 刘晨曦, 马宗青(

), 刘永长

天津大学材料科学与工程学院天津 300072

Effects of Subsequent Heat Treatment on Microstructure and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Laser 3D Printed GH4099 Alloy

ZHAO Yanan, GUO Qianying, LIU Chenxi, MA Zongqing(

), LIU Yongchang

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

引用本文:

赵亚楠, 郭乾应, 刘晨曦, 马宗青, 刘永长. 后续热处理对激光3D打印GH4099合金微观组织和高温力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(1): 165-176.
Yanan ZHAO, Qianying GUO, Chenxi LIU, Zongqing MA, Yongchang LIU. Effects of Subsequent Heat Treatment on Microstructure and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Laser 3D Printed GH4099 Alloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(1): 165-176.

全文: PDF(4746 KB) HTML

摘要:

激光粉末床熔融(LPBF) 3D打印技术具有跨维度多尺度成形的技术特点，同时表现出非平衡快速凝固的冶金特征，与传统制造工艺形成的微观组织存在明显差异。基于传统制造工艺发展而来的热处理工艺难以适用于LPBF制备的样品，因此，研究LPBF打印件专用的后续热处理制度对于其组织和性能调控具有重要的意义。本工作以LPBF制备的GH4099合金为研究对象，研究了后续热处理对3D打印高温合金非平衡微观组织和高温力学性能的影响。结果表明，固溶处理不仅影响打印组织的再结晶行为，而且也与碳化物和γ'相的析出行为密切相关，因而对GH4099合金的高温延伸率影响较大。LPBF制备GH4099合金中的多尺度异质结构使其组织热稳定性明显高于传统铸锻件，因此需要更高的固溶热处理温度以促进其完全再结晶。经1150 ℃固溶处理1.5 h后，GH4099打印件中柱状晶转变为等轴晶并形成大尺寸孪晶，同时晶界处M₂₃C₆碳化物的析出也受到抑制。在随后的时效热处理过程中，由于再结晶释放了3D打印晶粒内部储存的畸变能，使得基体中γ'相的析出受到了明显抑制。基于上述结果，通过优化热处理制度，GH4099合金打印件实现了高温强度和塑性的良好匹配。

关键词 ：激光粉末床熔融, 非平衡组织, 热处理, γ'相, 高温力学性能

Abstract：

The multi-dimensional, multi-scale forming characteristics of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 3D printing technology, combined with its complex non-equilibrium solidification process, result in multilayered microstructures that differ significantly from those produced by traditional manufacturing methods. However, it is challenging to apply existing heat treatment solutions, developed for conventional manufacturing processes, to LPBF. Therefore, a tailored heat treatment approach is required for LPBF-printed components to regulate their microstructure and properties effectively. This study investigated the modulation mechanism of subsequent heat treatment on the non-equilibrium microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of 3D-printed GH4099 superalloy produced via LPBF. The findings reveal that solution treatment influences the recrystallization behavior of the printed microstructure and the precipitation behavior of carbides and γ' phases, which play critical roles in determining the alloy's high-temperature elongation. The multi-scale heterogeneous structure in the LPBF-fabricated GH4099 alloy enhances its microstructural thermal stability beyond that of conventional castings and forgings. Consequently, a high solution heat treatment temperature is necessary to achieve complete recrystallization. Following solution treatment at 1150 ^oC for 1.5 h, the columnar grains in the GH4099 prints were transformed into equiaxed grains, and large size twins were formed. Additionally, the precipitation of M₂₃C₆ carbides at the grain boundaries was suppressed. During subsequent aging heat treatment, the recrystallization induced by the solution treatment mitigated the distortion energy stored in the 3D-printed grains, thereby suppressing γ' phase precipitation in the matrix. As a result, by optimizing the heat treatment process, a favorable balance between high-temperature strength and plasticity was achieved in the GH4099 alloy.

Key words： laser powder bed fusion non-equilibrium microstructure heat treatment γ' phase high- temperature mechanical property

收稿日期: 2024-06-17

ZTFLH:

TG146

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20172);国家自然科学基金项目(52122409);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3712002)

通讯作者: 马宗青，zqma@tju.edu.cn，主要从事金属材料粉体制备、粉末冶金和3D打印成形的研究

Corresponding author: MA Zongqing, professor, Tel: 13702124121, E-mail: zqma@tju.edu.cn

作者简介: 赵亚楠，男，1996年生，博士生

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表1 激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)制备GH4099合金样品的热处理方案

图1 LPBF制备GH4099合金成形态样品的原始微观组织和枝晶界的EDX线扫描结果

图2 LPBF制备GH4099合金及经S1和S2固溶热处理后的反极图，及不同状态下晶粒尺寸和硬度的变化

图3 LPBF制备GH4099合金样品经S1和S2固溶热处理后晶界析出相的SEM像和EDX分析结果

图4 LPBF制备GH4099合金样品经SA1-750、SA1-800、SA1-850和SA2-750热处理后γ'相的微观组织

表2 不同热处理后LPBF制备GH4099合金样品中的γ'相尺寸和力学性能

图5 不同热处理后LPBF制备GH4099合金样品的DSC曲线

图6 S1和S2热处理后LPBF制备GH4099合金样品的晶粒取向分布(GOS)图、晶粒GOS值统计图和晶界取向差分布图

图7 不同热处理制度处理后LPBF制备GH4099合金样品在900 ℃拉伸的应力-应变曲线及其与文献[16,39,43~45]报道的LPBF制备镍基高温合金在900 ℃下拉伸性能的比较

图8 SA1-750和SA2-750热处理后LPBF制备GH4099合金拉伸样品断口及纵截面微观形貌的SEM像

图9 SA2-750处理样品经高温拉伸后的反极图和内核平均取向差分布图，晶界处位错与M23C6碳化物之间相互作用及晶粒内位错与γ'相之间相互作用的TEM像

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