Adequate studies have not been conducted on the low cycle fatigue properties of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels that are typically used for fusion reactors worldwide. Moreover, the majority of the fatigue properties are examined with a small sample size due to the restricted manufacturing capacity, which is insufficient for determining the comprehensive properties of bulk materials. Research on the fatigue properties of Chinese ODS steels was conducted recently. However, it is quite uncommon to report the fatigue properties of self-produced 9Cr-ODS steel. Consequently, this work is the first to examine the effect of a cyclic strain on the low cycle fatigue behavior of a representative low-activation 9Cr-ODS martensitic steel. Hence, the strain control test method was employed here in a strain amplitude range of 0.3%-0.8% at room temperature. The cyclic stress response curves, hysteresis loops, relationships between strain amplitude and life, stress amplitude and plastic strain were obtained, and the corresponding fatigue parameters were summarized. Furthermore, the microstructural evolution, fatigue fracture morphology, and crack propagation characteristics during the fatigue process were analyzed. The results revealed that the cyclic stress response behavior of the 9Cr-ODS steel was related to the strain amplitude. With an increase in the strain amplitude, the peak stress in the tension zone of 9Cr-ODS steel increased and the fatigue life decreased. The relationship between cyclic strain and life agreed well with the Coffin-Manson model. Additionally, the 9Cr-ODS steel had no obvious cyclic hardening but revealed a cyclic softening under higher strain amplitudes of 0.5%-0.8%. The microstructure analysis showed that for higher cyclic strain amplitudes, the average grain size and the fraction of the large-angle grain boundaries increased gradually with a reduction in the dislocation density, leading to the cyclic softening of the material. The fatigue crack initiated at the surface and propagated inward by the transgranular mode. The fine grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries of the 9Cr-ODS steel could induce crack deflection, reduce crack propagation rate, and increase fatigue crack propagation life. Moreover, under the same strain amplitude, the peak stress in the tension zone of the steel was almost twice that of the China low activation martensitic (CLAM) steel without a reduction in the fatigue life, indicating a superior low cycle fatigue resistance of the 9Cr-ODS steel.