装甲防护陶瓷-金属叠层复合材料界面研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00051

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (9): 1107-1125 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00051

综述

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装甲防护陶瓷-金属叠层复合材料界面研究进展

赵宇宏¹(

), 景舰辉¹, 陈利文¹, 徐芳泓², 侯华¹

^1.中北大学材料科学与工程学院太原 030051
^2.太原钢铁(集团)有限公司先进不锈钢材料国家重点实验室太原 030003

Current Research Status of Interface of Ceramic-Metal Laminated Composite Material for Armor Protection

ZHAO Yuhong¹(

), JING Jianhui¹, CHEN Liwen¹, XU Fanghong², HOU Hua¹

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Stainless Steel Materials, Taiyuan Iron and Steel (Group) Co. Ltd. , Taiyuan 030003, China

引用本文:

赵宇宏, 景舰辉, 陈利文, 徐芳泓, 侯华. 装甲防护陶瓷-金属叠层复合材料界面研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(9): 1107-1125.
Yuhong ZHAO, Jianhui JING, Liwen CHEN, Fanghong XU, Hua HOU. Current Research Status of Interface of Ceramic-Metal Laminated Composite Material for Armor Protection[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(9): 1107-1125.

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摘要:

将陶瓷与金属以一定顺序逐层叠加，可制成叠层结构的复合材料，兼具陶瓷高强度、高硬度、低密度及金属强延展性的特点，从而应用于防弹装甲材料。但叠层材料存在界面结合弱、受冲击时裂纹易在界面处产生，且裂纹尖端应力集中导致界面处材料易脱黏等问题。本文针对陶瓷-金属叠层复合材料的界面结构及结合强度的问题，从界面结构的制备和观察、界面断裂的相场模拟、界面抗冲击性的有限元模拟和界面强度的第一原理计算等方面进行了综述，并对未来发展方向提出建议。

关键词 ：陶瓷-金属叠层复合材料, 界面结合, 相场法模拟, 第一原理计算, 有限元仿真

Abstract：

A composite material with a laminated structure can be fabricated through layer-by-layer stacking of ceramic and metal in a certain order. It has characteristics of high strength, high hardness, low density of ceramics, and strong ductility of metals; thus, it can be used for bulletproof armor materials. During bullet antipenetration, the ceramic panel is responsible for decelerating and breaking the projectile, and the metal backplate absorbs the kinetic energy of the bullet through plastic deformation, thereby forming a complete bulletproof armor system. However, there are some problems associated with laminated materials, such as the significant difference between the properties of ceramic and metal, weak interface bonding strength, and easy occurrence of tip cracks due to the increase in the internal stress of the impacted material. The ceramic-metal interface easily leads to a sudden change in material properties, and crack propagation and migration affect the properties. After being impacted, cracks first appear in the interlayer, where the interface bonding strength is still unideal, easily leading to a drop between the ceramic panel and metal backplate. In this study, the preparation and observation of interface structure, phase-field simulation of interface fracture, finite element simulation of interface impact resistance, meshless smoothed-particle hydrodynamic method for high-velocity impact and large deformation, and first-principles calculations of interface strength were reviewed. Finally, some suggestions are presented for future development: (1) Strengthening the research of ceramic toughening to enhance the matching degree between the ceramic panel and metal backplate, reducing the sudden change of ceramic to metal performance, and making the performance of ceramic-metal laminated materials more uniform is crucial. In addition, studying metal strengthening is necessary. On the premise of not damaging metal ductility, nano-phases can be added to prepare metal matrix composites for metal strengthening; (2) More multiscale research methods, such as phase-field method, finite element analysis, and first-principles calculations are needed, especially focusing on how to organically and effectively combine these methods. The complementary coupling of multiscale experimental research and computational simulation methods is a powerful tool for the interface design of ceramic-metal laminated materials in the future.

Key words： ceramic-metal laminated composite interface bonding phase field method first-principles calculation finite element analysis

收稿日期: 2021-01-29

ZTFLH:

TB333

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52074246);国防基础科研重点项目(JCKY2020408B002);山西省科技重大专项项目(20181101014)

作者简介: 赵宇宏，女，1974年生，教授，博士

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表1 几种常见陶瓷的性能[6]

表2 几种常见金属的性能[7~9]

图1 由金属板支撑的陶瓷和装在金属或聚合物外壳中的陶瓷弹丸撞击的变形/破坏顺序的示意图[16](a) a ceramic tile backed by a metallic plate(b) a ceramic tile encased within a metallic or polymer case

图2 Ti/Al2O3叠层复合材料组织演变及裂纹扩展路径示意图[37]

图3 不同SiCp体积分数的(SiCp/Cu)-Cu箔复合材料断口以及横截面形貌的SEM像[38](a) 20%SiCp (b) 30%SiCp (c) 15%SiCp (d) 30%SiCp

图4 表面涂层技术工艺图[52]

图5 无量纲垂直位移场的曲线图及对应于图5a中标记为A、B和C的3种不同情况[82](b) extend along both sides of the interface(c) deflection along one side of the interface(d) penetrate the interface

图6 材料2中的主裂纹撞击界面后，裂纹可能继续穿透材料1或剥离界面[83]

图7 数值模拟目标A、B和C在500 m/s下受到弹丸撞击的损伤[44]

图8 冲击路径上陶瓷的平均压力与时间的关系和陶瓷沿厚度方向在1和3 μs的压力分布[95]

图9 粒子在粒子i的支持域内粒子分布和核函数[98]

图10 Ag(111)/SiC(111)界面和Ag(111)/TiC(111)界面在弛豫前后的局部原子结构[135]

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