埋弧焊中焊剂对焊缝金属成分调控的研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00148

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (9): 1126-1140 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00148

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

埋弧焊中焊剂对焊缝金属成分调控的研究进展

王聪(

), 张进

东北大学冶金学院沈阳 110819

Fine-Tuning Weld Metal Compositions via Flux Optimization in Submerged Arc Welding: An Overview

WANG Cong(

), ZHANG Jin

School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

引用本文:

王聪, 张进. 埋弧焊中焊剂对焊缝金属成分调控的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(9): 1126-1140.
Cong WANG, Jin ZHANG. Fine-Tuning Weld Metal Compositions via Flux Optimization in Submerged Arc Welding: An Overview[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(9): 1126-1140.

全文: PDF(3272 KB) HTML

摘要:

焊剂是埋弧焊的必需耗材。在焊接过程中，焊剂、熔池及电弧之间存在复杂的化学反应，因此，焊剂对焊缝金属的成分有着显著的调控作用。为了获得优质的焊接接头，有必要深入理解焊剂对焊缝金属成分的调控机理。本文综述了近年来在埋弧焊中焊剂对焊缝金属成分调控的研究进展，从热力学角度阐明了埋弧焊中O、Si、Mn、Ti及C等元素的过渡机制并阐释了大线能量下各元素过渡的冶金特性。同时，评估了现有针对埋弧焊的焊缝金属成分预测模型。最后，指出了进一步探索焊剂对焊缝金属调控机理所需要解决的基础问题。

关键词 ：埋弧焊, 焊剂, 成分预测, 大线能量焊接

Abstract：

Flux is an indispensable consumable for submerged arc welding. Owing to the occurrence of complex chemical reactions between flux (slag), weld pool, and arc plasma, flux plays an essential role in determining the final composition of weld metal. To ensure a sound weldment, understanding how submerged arc welded metal compositions are fine-tuned by flux optimization is necessary. Herein, recent progress regarding the control mechanisms of fluxes on submerged arc welded metal compositions is studied. Particularly, the element transfer behaviors of major elements, including oxygen, silicon, manganese, titanium, and carbon, are documented from thermodynamic perspectives. Salient element transfer features incurred by the application of high heat input welding are interpreted. Moreover, the capabilities and limitations of prevailing compositional prediction models are evaluated. Finally, fundamental challenges to be explored further are discussed.

Key words： submerged arc welding welding flux composition prediction high heat input welding

收稿日期: 2021-04-08

ZTFLH:

TG445

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20277);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N2025025);兴辽英才基金项目(XLYC1807024);辽宁省工业重大专项项目(2019JH1/10100014);辽宁省区域创新发展联合基金项目(2020-YKLH-39);英国皇家工学院项目(TSPC1070);海洋装备用金属材料及其应用国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLMEA-K201903)

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00148 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I9/1126

图1 焊缝金属横截面示意图(a) bead-on-plate welding (b) welding with V-type groove

图2 埋弧焊过程的化学反应分区

图3 不同焊接方式所对应的焊缝金属中的O、N元素的成分范围

图4 量化后的O元素的过渡量(ΔO)与CaF2-SiO2焊剂中SiO2含量的关系[35,61]

图5 ΔO与CaF2-SiO2-MnO焊剂中MnO含量的关系[31,36]

图6 ΔO与CaF2-SiO2-CaO焊剂中CaO含量的关系[38]

图7 60.00 kJ/cm线能量下ΔO与焊剂中氧化物含量的关系[35,36,39]

图8 Si元素的过渡量(ΔSi)与焊剂中CaO含量的关系及1550℃下熔渣中SiO2的活度

图9 渣壳中FeO含量与焊缝金属中O含量的关系[35,36]

图10 熔渣与焊剂之间FeO含量的变化量(δFeO)与焊剂中FeO含量的关系

图11 埋弧焊中与脱碳反应相关的界面[37]

图12 焊缝金属中预测O含量与焊剂碱度指数(BI)的关系[13]

图13 焊缝金属中O含量与典型硅锰型焊剂中MnO含量的关系[31]

图14 通过焊剂碱度模型和三相模型预测的焊缝金属中O含量与典型硅锰型焊剂中MnO含量的关系

图15 通过两相模型及三相模型预测的焊缝金属中O含量与焊剂中TiO2含量的关系[3,24]

图16 通过两相模型及三相模型预测的焊缝金属中Si含量与焊剂中TiO2含量的关系[3,24]

图17 通过两相模型及三相模型预测的焊缝金属中Mn含量与焊剂中TiO2含量的关系[3,24]

图18 通过三相模型预测的焊缝金属中Ti含量与焊剂中TiO2含量的关系[3,24]

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