弥散固态颗粒对Al-Bi合金液-液相分离过程的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00327

金属学报

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (3): 399-409 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00327

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

弥散固态颗粒对Al-Bi合金液-液相分离过程的影响

张林,满田囡,王恩刚(

)

东北大学材料电磁过程研究教育部重点实验室沈阳 110819

Influence of Dispersed Solid Particles on the Liquid-Liquid Separation Process of Al-Bi Alloys

Lin ZHANG,Tiannan MAN,Engang WANG(

)

Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

引用本文:

张林,满田囡,王恩刚. 弥散固态颗粒对Al-Bi合金液-液相分离过程的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(3): 399-409.
Lin ZHANG, Tiannan MAN, Engang WANG. Influence of Dispersed Solid Particles on the Liquid-Liquid Separation Process of Al-Bi Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(3): 399-409.

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摘要:

通过向Al-Bi难混溶合金中添加稀土生成CeBi₂颗粒，在液淬和自然冷却2种冷却方式下研究固态颗粒对液-液相分离的作用。固态颗粒成为富Bi液滴的形核质点，提高了形核率，促进液滴尺寸细化和弥散分布，进而提高了合金耐磨性能。通过分散粒子法对富Bi液滴的运动、生长和凝并行为进行模拟分析，发现Stokes运动是富Bi液滴宏观偏析的主要成因，熔体自然对流对液滴分布也有一定影响。添加Ce增加了凝固各时间段的富Bi液滴数量，细化液滴尺寸，使液滴运动速度降低。与较快出现宏观偏析的Al-Bi合金相比，Al-Bi-Ce合金中虽然有同样的粗化和偏析趋势，但进行速度相对较慢，宏观偏析较轻。液滴在凝并后期出现了尺寸的多峰分布，峰值随液滴尺寸增加由高向低排列。数值模拟结果与实验统计结果体现了较好的一致性。

关键词 ：难混溶合金, Al-Bi, Ce, 液-液分离, 固态颗粒

Abstract：

Al-Bi alloy is a kind of bearing material with self-lubricating performance. Whereas, in such immiscible alloys macrosegregation occurs generally due to the miscibility gap in solidification process. This study is designed to produce CeBi₂ compound particles in Al-Bi melt through the addition of rare earth element Ce. The solidification experiment is processed with liquid quenching and natural cooling respectively, and the effect of dispersive solid particles on liquid-liquid separation is compared at different cooling rate. The dispersive solid particles act as nucleation site and improve the nucleation rate of Bi-rich droplets in liquid-liquid solidification, leading to the size refinement and dispersive distribution of Bi-rich phase, which promote the bearing performance of Al-Bi alloy. The behavior of Bi-rich droplets is simulated by using of discrete multi-particle approach, considering the movement, growth and collision. The results show that Stokes motion is the main cause of macrosegregation, and the natural convection affects the distribution of droplets. The natural convection prolongs the suspension time of droplets, and reduces the macrosegregation. In the case of Ce addition, CeBi₂ acts as nucleation site to enhance the amount of Bi-rich particles in each time step of simulation and refine the droplet size, which lead to a reduction of macrosegregation. Compared with the Ce free specimens, Al-Bi-Ce alloy has a slower segregation rate and relatively less macrosegregation. Both the simulation and experiment results show a multimodal particle size distribution, and their peak value decrease with increasing particle size. The simulated results is in good accordance with the experiment.

Key words： immiscible alloy Al-Bi Ce liquid-liquid separation solid particle

收稿日期: 2018-07-31

ZTFLH:

TG146.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51674083);国家自然科学基金项目(50901019);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B07015)

作者简介: 张林，男，1979年生，副教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00327 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2019/V55/I3/399

图1 Al-Bi合金与Al-Bi-Ce合金的液淬组织与空冷凝固组织

图2 Al-Bi合金与Al-Bi-Ce合金液淬组织中的弥散相粒径分布

图3 Al-Bi-Ce合金的SEM像和EDS分析

图4 Al-Bi和Al-Bi-Ce合金的摩擦系数和磨损量随磨损距离的变化

图5 模拟区域的温度场和熔体流场

图6 数值模拟添加Ce对Al-Bi合金凝固过程中弥散相空间分布的影响

图7 Al-Bi合金添加稀土Ce前后平均液滴半径及液滴数量随时间变化

图8 Al-Bi合金与Al-Bi-Ce合金在不同时间点的液滴半径尺寸分布

图9 Al-Bi合金与Al-Bi-Ce合金熔体内部与边缘的液滴半径尺寸分布对比

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