Si对一种9Cr铁素体/马氏体钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00398

金属学报

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (9): 1200-1212 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00398

研究论文

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Si对一种9Cr铁素体/马氏体钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

张乾坤¹^,², 胡小锋¹(

), 姜海昌¹, 戎利建¹

^1.中国科学院金属研究所中国科学院核用材料与安全评价重点实验室沈阳 110016
^2.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016

Effect of Si on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a 9Cr Ferritic/Martensitic Steel

ZHANG Qiankun¹^,², HU Xiaofeng¹(

), JIANG Haichang¹, RONG Lijian¹

^1.CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

张乾坤, 胡小锋, 姜海昌, 戎利建. Si对一种9Cr铁素体/马氏体钢显微组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(9): 1200-1212.
Qiankun ZHANG, Xiaofeng HU, Haichang JIANG, Lijian RONG. Effect of Si on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a 9Cr Ferritic/Martensitic Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(9): 1200-1212.

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摘要:

基于ASME标准成分的P91钢，设计了一种Si增强型的9Cr铁素体/马氏体钢(记为H-Si钢)。利用OM、FESEM、TEM、EBSD、拉伸和冲击等分析和检测技术，对P91和H-Si合金钢铸态、均质化态、回火态和时效态(550℃时效3000 h)的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，Si增强后会在合金钢中引入体积分数为3.9%的δ铁素体，但通过均质化处理可以将其完全消除。回火处理后，H-Si钢因Si含量较高，会形成富Si层包裹M₂₃C₆的现象，该富Si层阻碍了M₂₃C₆的粗化长大，使M₂₃C₆的尺寸小于P91钢中M₂₃C₆的尺寸。与此同时，在550℃时效处理时该富Si层同样会减缓M₂₃C₆的长大，同时还促进了Laves相的形核和生长，造成时效态H-Si钢具有较细的M₂₃C₆和较粗的Laves相。回火态H-Si钢因较高的Si含量和较细的M₂₃C₆，强度明显高于P91钢，而时效处理后因Laves相的析出，强度进一步提高。回火态P91和H-Si合金钢具有相近的冲击功(约210 J)，断裂模式均为韧性断裂。时效处理后由于Laves相的析出，导致P91和H-Si合金钢的冲击功下降。因H-Si钢中Laves相的尺寸较大、数量较多，使H-Si钢出现了一定比例的解理区，导致冲击功下降更明显。

关键词 ： Si, M₂₃C₆, Laves相, δ铁素体, 力学性能

Abstract：

Due to the worsening of environmental pollution and energy shortage, nuclear energy has become an increasingly important energy source, offering clean, high-energy, safe, and stable power to meet the needs of modern life and production. P91 steel is an excellent heat-resistant steel, widely used in nuclear power plants for its good mechanical properties, high thermal conductivity, and low irradiation swelling rate. However, with the emergence of lead and lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled fast reactors (LFRs), P91 steel's inferior compatibility with LBE has limited its use in LFR construction. To address this issue, 9Cr ferritic/martensitic steel with high Si content (H-Si steel) was designed in this study to develop a compatible structural material for LFR heat exchange tubes. In addition, the effects of Si on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast, homogenized, tempered, and aged H-Si steel were investigated using various techniques, including OM, FESEM, TEM, EBSD, tensile, and impact tests. The results show that the increase in Si content leads to 3.9% δ ferrite (volume fraction) in as-cast H-Si steel, which can be eliminated completely by homogenization heat treatment. Tempering produces a Si-enriched layer around M₂₃C₆ due to the high Si content in the H-Si steel, which can suppress the rapid growth of M₂₃C₆ and maintain a smaller size of M₂₃C₆ than that of M₂₃C₆ in P91 steel. Meanwhile, the Si-enriched layer can slow down the growth of M₂₃C₆ and promote the nucleation and growth of the Laves phase during aging at 550°C, which induces smaller M₂₃C₆ and larger Laves phase in aged H-Si steel than that in aged P91. Due to the higher Si content and smaller M₂₃C₆, the tempered H-Si steel exhibits significantly higher strength than P91. After aging, the strength of H-Si steel further increases because of the precipitation of the Laves phase. Both tempered alloy steels have similar impact energy (about 210 J) and the fracture mode is ductile fracture. However, the precipitation of the Laves phase after aging decreases the impact energy of both alloy steels. The aged H-Si steel had a larger and more Laves phase, resulting in a partial cleavage area in the impact fracture surface and inducing a lower impact energy compared to H-Si steel.

Key words： Si M₂₃C₆ Laves phase δ ferrite mechanical property

收稿日期: 2022-08-15

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:中核集团领创科研项目，中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(Y2021059);中国科学院战略重点研究项目(XDA28040200)

通讯作者: 胡小锋，xfhu@imr.ac.cn，主要从事高强高韧合金钢和铁素体/马氏体耐热钢的研制与开发

Corresponding author: HU Xiaofeng, professor, Tel: (024)23971981, E-mail: xfhu@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 张乾坤，男，1998年生，硕士

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表1 回火态和时效态P91和H-Si合金钢的室温拉伸性能和冲击功

图1 铸态P91和H-Si钢以及均质化处理后H-Si钢显微组织的OM像

图2 回火态P91和H-Si钢显微组织的OM像

图3 回火态P91和H-Si钢的SEM像以及P91钢中析出相的EDS分析

图4 回火态P91和H-Si钢的TEM像

图5 时效态P91和H-Si钢的SEM像

图6 时效态P91和H-Si钢的TEM像以及H-Si钢中析出相的EDS面扫描成分分析和Laves相的选区电子衍射(SAED)花样

图7 时效态P91和H-Si合金钢的EBSD相分布图

图8 P91和H-Si合金钢相转变温度的变化

表2 回火态和时效态P91和H-Si合金钢的析出相尺寸 (nm)

图9 回火态H-Si钢界面处M23C6的TEM像及其EDS面扫描和线扫描元素分析结果

图10 回火态P91钢界面处M23C6的形貌及其EDS面扫描元素分析结果

图11 时效态P91和H-Si钢室温冲击断口的SEM像

图12 时效态P91和H-Si钢冲击断口截面的SEM像

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