AlCr1.3TiNi2 共晶高熵合金的高温摩擦学性能及磨损机理

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00589

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (2): 267-276 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00589

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ 共晶高熵合金的高温摩擦学性能及磨损机理

苗军伟¹^,², 王明亮¹^,²(

), 张爱军³, 卢一平¹^,²(

), 王同敏², 李廷举²

1.大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院辽宁省凝固控制与数字化制备技术重点实验室大连 116024
2.大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院辽宁省高熵合金材料工程研究中心大连 116024
3.中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所中国科学院材料磨损与防护重点实验室兰州 730000

Tribological Properties and Wear Mechanism of AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy at Elevated Temperature

MIAO Junwei¹^,², WANG Mingliang¹^,²(

), ZHANG Aijun³, LU Yiping¹^,²(

), WANG Tongmin², LI Tingju²

1.Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2.Engineering Research Center of High Entropy Alloy Materials (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
3.Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

引用本文:

苗军伟, 王明亮, 张爱军, 卢一平, 王同敏, 李廷举. AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ 共晶高熵合金的高温摩擦学性能及磨损机理[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(2): 267-276.
Junwei MIAO, Mingliang WANG, Aijun ZHANG, Yiping LU, Tongmin WANG, Tingju LI. Tribological Properties and Wear Mechanism of AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy at Elevated Temperature[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(2): 267-276.

全文: PDF(3453 KB) HTML

摘要:

采用电磁悬浮熔炼+直接铸造的方法制备了千克级的AlCr_1.3TiNi₂共晶高熵合金，借助TEM、APT等表征手段分析了该合金的微观组织与成分分布，使用HT-1000摩擦试验机对比研究了该合金与GH4169镍基高温合金的高温摩擦学性能。结果表明：该共晶高熵合金具有超细的层片状共晶组织(层片间距约350 nm)，其共晶两相为晶格错配度只有约2%的bcc相与L2₁相，L2₁相中还存在大量的纳米析出相；≤ 600℃时，共晶高熵合金的磨损机理以磨粒磨损为主，其磨损率均低于GH4169合金；800℃时，共晶高熵合金的磨痕表面塑性变形加剧，其摩擦系数明显高于GH4169合金，但2者的磨损率相差不大。GH4169合金高温耐磨性的提高得益于其磨损表面氧化物膜的形成，而共晶高熵合金出色的耐磨性主要与其良好的高温组织稳定性及力学性能有关。

关键词 ：高熵合金, 摩擦磨损, 高温合金, 共晶组织, 高温

Abstract：

Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) have been explored as possible options for high-temperature applications due to their controlled microstructure and excellent mechanical properties. In particular, EHEAs possess good liquidity and castability, allowing their possibility for real-size industrial manufacturing. However, despite their importance as a structural material index, the tribological properties were rarely investigated in the EHEAs field. In this study, a kilogram-scale AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ EHEA was produced using electromagnetic levitation melting and direct casting approach. The EHEA's microstructure and chemical composition were investigated using a TEM and APT techniques. The AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ EHEA's tribological properties were examined from room temperature to 800^oC using a rotational ball-on-disk tribometer (HT-1000). Meanwhile, for comparison, a GH4169 nickel-base superalloy was chosen. The corresponding wear mechanisms were also thoroughly discussed. The findings exhibit that the as-cast AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ EHEA, which had an ultrafine lamellar structure, consisted of a disordered bcc phase and an ordered L2₁ phase with lattice misfit of approximately 2%. The average interlamellar spacing was about 350 nm. Additionally, a large number of nanoprecipitates contains in the L2₁ lamellae central region. Below 600^oC, the AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ EHEA's primary wear mechanism was abrasive wear, and its wear rate was lower than that of the GH4169 alloy. At 800^oC, distinct plastic deformation features were observed on the worn surface of EHEA. The EHEA exhibited a much higher friction coefficient than that of the GH4169 alloy at 800^oC, but their wear rates were similar. The wear resistance improvement of GH4169 alloy at high temperature was ascribed to the formation of oxide film on its worn surface, and the AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ EHEA's excellent wear resistance mainly resulted from good structure stability and high hot hardness. Current findings offer new insights into the industrial application of EHEA in high-temperature fields.

Key words： high-entropy alloy friction and wear superalloy eutectic structure high-temperature

收稿日期: 2021-12-30

ZTFLH:

TG139

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51822402);国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20278);国家自然科学基金项目(52001051);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFA0702901);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0209901);辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC1807047);宁波市“科技创新2025”重大专项项目(2019B10086);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021T140082)

作者简介: 苗军伟，男，1992年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00589 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I2/267

图1 铸态AlCr1.3TiNi2共晶高熵合金的微观组织

图2 AlCr1.3TiNi2共晶高熵合金的APT表征

图3 铸态AlCr1.3TiNi2共晶高熵合金和热处理态GH4169高温合金在不同测试温度的摩擦系数曲线，及2种合金在不同温度下的平均摩擦系数与磨损率

图4 AlCr1.3TiNi2共晶高熵合金在不同温度摩擦测试后磨痕表面的SEM二次电子像，及600和800℃摩擦测试后磨痕表面的Raman光谱

表1 图4~6中磨痕表面(阿拉伯数字标记区域)的EDS结果 (atomic fraction / %)

图5 GH4169镍基高温合金(标准热处理态)在不同温度摩擦测试后磨痕表面的SEM二次电子像，及400~800℃摩擦测试后磨痕表面的Raman光谱

图6 Si3N4球与AlCr1.3TiNi2合金和GH4169合金在不同温度下对磨后磨斑区域的SEM二次电子像

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