热-力作用下Al/Mg固相焊缝等轴状β相金属间化合物的形成机制

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00042

金属学报 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00042

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热-力作用下Al/Mg固相焊缝等轴状β相金属间化合物的形成机制

赵逢源,高进强,宿浩,石磊,武传松

山东大学材料液固结构演变与加工教育部重点实验室济南 250061

FORMATION MECHANISM OF EQUIAXED β PHASE INTERMATELLIC COMPOUNDS IN Al/Mg SOLID-STATE WELD UNDER THERMO-MEHANICAL ACTION

ZHAO Fengyuan, GAO Jinqiang, SU Hao, SHI Lei, WU Chuansong

Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

引用本文:

赵逢源高进强宿浩石磊武传松. 热-力作用下Al/Mg固相焊缝等轴状β相金属间化合物的形成机制[J]. 金属学报, DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00042.

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摘要: Al/Mg异质合金固相焊接中产生的金属间化合物(IMCs)的形貌对焊缝性能有重要影响。然而，目前焊缝中等轴状β-Al₃Mg₂晶粒的产生机理尚不清晰。本研究结合实验和多相场模拟，揭示了焊接过程力场与热场的作用。通过Gleeble热-力模拟制备不同变形量接头，焊接后β-Al₃Mg₂和γ-Al₁₂Mg₁₇均为单层柱状晶。 400 °C退火1 h后，β-Al₃Mg₂形貌为多层等轴晶。实验结果表明，该转变源于热场驱动的原子扩散，非沉淀相或Kirkendall效应所致；力场仅促使工件焊合形成焊缝。多层Al₃Mg₂等轴晶是在热场诱导的原子扩散过程中产生的，而力场仅仅起到了使工件紧密结合形成焊缝的作用。针对退火时间段内的IMCs生长过程建立了多相场模型，以解决实验无法动态再现等轴状β相晶粒在热扩散过程中的形成过程与机理的问题。结果表明，较高的驱动力有利于β-Al₃Mg₂在Al/Al₃Mg₂界面成核，而γ-Al₁₂Mg₁₇在Mg/Al₁₂Mg₁₇界面成核的驱动力较低。此外，β-Al₃Mg₂层的扩散系数明显大于Al基体的扩散系数，且Al₃Mg₂的溶解度范围较窄，导致生长速率低于溶质原子的扩散速率。因此，溶质原子在Al₃Mg₂前沿聚集，形成Al基过饱和固溶体，为β-Al₃Mg₂提供较高的成核驱动力。在焊合后的Al基体中，细小的晶粒提供了更多的形核位置。这些因素共同促进了多层等轴β-Al₃Mg₂晶粒的形核和生长，而γ-Al₁₂Mg₁₇层保持了原有的柱状形貌。

关键词 ：固相焊接, 热-力作用, 金属间化合物, 等轴β-Al3Mg2晶粒, 多相场法

Abstract：The experimental characterization and multiphase-field simulation methods were combined to explain the reasons why the different morphologies of two intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were generated in dissimilar Al/Mg alloys solid-state welding process. The Gleeble thermo-mechanical device was used to obtain solid-state welded joints of dissimilar Al/Mg alloys with varying degrees of deformation. The results shown that, regardless of the degree of deformation, the morphology of the two IMCs (β-Al3Mg2, γ-Al12Mg17) after welding is a single layer of columnar crystals. After annealing the joints at 400°C for 1 hour, it was found that, regardless of the degree of deformation, the morphology of β-Al3Mg2 was a multi-layer equiaxed crystal structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that the formation of multi-layer Al3Mg2 equiaxed crystals is not caused by precipitation phases or the Kirkendall effect. A multiphase-field model was established to analyze the growth process of IMCs during the annealing period, and the reasons for the formation of multi-layer Al3Mg2 equiaxed crystals were investigated. By analyzing the driving force for IMCs growth, it was found that a supersaturated Al-based solid solution exists at the Al/Al3Mg2 interface, providing a nucleation driving force for the formation of Al3Mg2 nuclei. In contrast, at the Mg/Al12Mg17 interface, the nucleation driving force for Al12Mg17 is very small. Comparing the diffusion coefficients of the phases, it was observed that the diffusion coefficient of the Al3Mg2 is much larger than that of Al12Mg17. When solute atoms diffuse to the Al3Mg2 layer, it cannot accommodate a large number of solute atoms, causing them to be expelled to the adjacent Al matrix, forming a supersaturated Al-based solid solution that provides a nucleation driving force for Al3Mg2. The finer grains of the deformed Al matrix provide more nucleation sites for Al3Mg2. Therefore, the growth of Al3Mg2 manifests as the nucleation and growth of multi-layer equiaxed crystals, while the growth mechanism of Al12Mg17 grains remains the growth of the original single-layer columnar crystals.

Key words： Solid-state welding thermo-mechanical action intermetallic compounds equiaxed β-Al3Mg2 crystals multiphase-field method

收稿日期: 2025-02-17

基金资助:国家自然科学基金重点项目

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