合金凝固组织微观模拟研究进展与应用

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00428

金属学报

2018, Vol. 54

Issue (2): 193-203 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00428

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

合金凝固组织微观模拟研究进展与应用

王同敏^1,², 魏晶晶^1,², 王旭东^1,²(

), 姚曼^1,²

1 大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院大连 116024
2 大连理工大学辽宁省凝固控制与数字化制备技术重点实验室大连 116024

Progress and Application of Microstructure Simulation of Alloy Solidification

Tongmin WANG^1,², Jingjing WEI^1,², Xudong WANG^1,²(

), Man YAO^1,²

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2 Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

引用本文:

王同敏, 魏晶晶, 王旭东, 姚曼. 合金凝固组织微观模拟研究进展与应用[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(2): 193-203.
Tongmin WANG, Jingjing WEI, Xudong WANG, Man YAO. Progress and Application of Microstructure Simulation of Alloy Solidification[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(2): 193-203.

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摘要:

凝固组织是连接合金成分与性能的桥梁,准确认识和把握合金凝固微观组织的形成机理、主导因素与控制途径,对凝固组织与性能的优化具有重要意义。近年来凝固过程数值模拟取得了显著进展,元胞自动机(cellular automaton,CA)在合金凝固组织模拟研究方面展现出极大潜力。本文阐述了凝固组织计算中常见的形核模型与特点,对CA法枝晶生长模拟中的关键环节进行了分析和探讨,在此基础上,简要概括了铸造、定向凝固等相关领域凝固组织宏观-微观耦合模型的开发和应用现状,并对凝固组织模拟的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词 ：合金凝固, 形核, 枝晶生长, 元胞自动机, 组织模拟

Abstract：

Solidification structures are the interaction links between the alloy components and their mechanical properties. Scientifically comprehending about the formation mechanisms, dominant factors and control methods in alloy solidification has a significant effect on the structure control and optimization. Dendritic structure is the most frequently observed solidification microstructure of alloys and controlled by heat, solute, melt flow, capillary and many other factors. Modelling and simulating can accurately quantify various phenomena and evolution rules in the process of solidification, thus play an increasingly important role in the design, preparation, processing and performance optimization of alloy materials. Over the past two decades, remarkable progress has been made and various models have been proposed in microstructure simulation during alloy solidification process, such as deterministic method, phase field (PF), Monte Carlo (MC) and cellular automaton (CA). With the advantages of clear physical meaning, easily programming and high calculation efficiency, CA method has been widely applied in the study of solidification structure simulation and exhibits great advantages. Considering the current development level of computer hardware, numerical model and calculation method, microstructure simulation of large components mainly adopts macro-microscopic coupling calculation method, such as CA-FD/FE model. The heat transfer and other multi-physical fields are calculated at the level of coarse mesh, where as nucleation and dendritic growth are simulated at a much finer grid level. This paper reviews the main models and development of CA method used for nucleation simulation. The key aspects in the simulation of dendritic growth including mean solid-interface interface curvature, growth kinetics and the algorithm for eliminating “pseudo anisotropy” are discussed. Based on this, the development and application status of macro-micro coupling model during casting, directional solidification and other manufacturing fields are summarized. Finally, the existing problems and future tendency for simulation of solidification structures are analyzed.

Key words： alloy solidification nucleation dendritic growth cellular automaton structure simulation

收稿日期: 2017-10-16

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目No.51474047

作者简介:

作者简介王同敏,男,1971年生,教授,博士

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图1 凝固组织模拟的尺度划分

图2 晶核密度、晶核分布及冷却曲线关系

图3 采用不同邻胞类型模拟的枝晶形貌

图4 改进的偏心算法

图5 具有不同择优生长取向的枝晶生长

图6 采用CAFE模型计算的1/4小方坯凝固微观组织

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