Formation of γ′-Denuded Zone and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Inconel 740H Welded Joint After Creep at Different Temperatures
ZHOU Renyuan1(), ZHU Lihui2
1 School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213031, China 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Cite this article:
ZHOU Renyuan, ZHU Lihui. Formation of γ′-Denuded Zone and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Inconel 740H Welded Joint After Creep at Different Temperatures. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(5): 744-756.
In recent years, advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) power plants have developed rapidly to increase the thermal efficiency and decrease CO2 emission. Inconel 740H (IN 740H) is one of the Ni-based superalloys with the highest creep strength and good corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. Owing to its excellent comprehensive properties, IN 740H is considered one of the best candidate materials for superheater and reheater in A-USC power plants. Further improving the mechanical properties of IN 740H welded joint enhances the safety and economic viability of the power plants. In this study, IN 740H tubes were welded by multipass tungsten inert gas hot-wire welding followed by a post weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 800 oC for 5 h. The formation mechanism of the γ′-denuded zone in the IN 740H welded joint after creep at different temperatures was systematically investigated using OM, SEM, and TEM, and its effect on the mechanical properties was analyzed.Results show that the small rod-like γ′ phase only discontinuously precipitates at grain boundaries in the weld metal during PWHT. After creep at different temperatures, an earlier formation of a coarse rod-like γ′ phase and γ′-denuded zone is observed at grain boundaries in the weld metal than in the base metal. The formation of the coarse rod-like γ′ phase at grain boundaries in the base metal results from the discontinuous coarsening of the spherical γ′ phase near grain boundaries, whereas that in the weld metal results from the discontinuous coarsening of the discontinuously precipitated rod-like γ′ phase at the grain boundaries and spherical γ′ phase near the grain boundaries. The discontinuous coarsening of the rod-like γ′ phase and precipitation of M23C6 carbides at grain boundaries lead to the formation of the γ′-denuded zone. Increasing the creep temperature and creep time when the temperature is in the range of 700-800 oC increases the size of the rod-like γ′ phase and width of the γ′-denuded zone at grain boundaries, whereas the number of rod-like γ′ phase initially decreases and then increases with the increase of creep temperature. The spherical γ′ phase in the grain interiors plays a vital role in changing the hardness of the IN 740H welded joint. The discontinuous coarsening of the γ′ phase and the formation of the γ′-denuded zone at the grain boundaries not only decrease the hardness, but also deteriorate the creep rupture strength of the IN 740H welded joint. Controlling the discontinuous coarsening of the rod-like γ′ phase at grain boundaries, suppressing the formation of the γ′-denuded zone, and controlling the growth of the spherical γ′ phase in the grain interiors are necessary to improve the mechanical properties of the IN 740H welded joint.
Table 1 Welding parameters of Inconel 740H (IN 740H) tube
Fig.1 Schematics of sampling position and dimension of specimen for creep rupture test
Fig.2 Schematic of sampling position for microstructural observations
Specimen
Temperature oC
StressMPa
Rupture time / h
Rupture location
700-1
700
405
218
Weld metal
700-2
324
2048
Weld metal
750-1
750
265
1264
Base metal
750-2
220
2999
Weld metal
800-1
800
250
135
Weld metal
800-2
201
1093
Weld metal
Table 2 Parameters and creep test results of IN 740H welded joint
Fig.3 Vickers hardnesses of IN 740H welded joints before and after creep at different temperatures (a) base metal (b) weld metal
Fig.4 OM images of IN 740H welded joints before (a) and after creep (b-g) at different temperatures (a) before creep (b) specimen 700-1 (c) specimen 700-2 (d) specimen 750-1(e) specimen 750-2 (f) specimen 800-1 (g) specimen 800-2
Fig.5 TEM images of IN 740H welded joints before creep (a, b) and after creep at 700 oC (specimen 700-2) (c, d) (Insets in Figs.5a and b show the corresponding SAED patterns and EDS analyses) (a, c) M23C6 carbides at grain boundaries (b, d) γ′ phase in the grain interiors
Fig.6 SEM images of microstructures of IN 740H welded joint before creep (Inset in Fig.6c shows the corresponding EDS analysis; rectangle in Fig.6c indicates the area where the rod-like γ′ phase is distributed) (a) base metal (b) dendrite in weld metal (c) grain boundaries in weld metal
Fig.7 SEM images of base (a, c) and weld (b, d) metals of IN 740H welded joints after creep rupture at 700 oC (Inset in Fig.7d shows the corresponding EDS analysis of the rectangle area in Fig.7d) (a, b) specimen 700-1 (c, d) specimen 700-2
Fig.8 SEM images of base (a, c) and weld (b, d) metals of IN 740H welded joints after creep rupture at 750 oC (a, b) specimen 750-1 (c, d) specimen 750-2
Fig.9 SEM images of base (a, c) and weld (b, d) metals of IN 740H welded joints after creep rupture at 800 oC (a, b) specimen 800-1 (c, d) specimen 800-2
Fig.10 Schematics of the formations of rod-like γ′ phase and γ′-denuded zone at grain boundaries in IN 740H weld metal after creep at different temperatures
Fig.11 Statistic results of spherical γ′ phase in the grain interiors of IN 740H base (a, b) and weld (c, d) metals before and after creep at different temperatures (a, c) average diameter (b, d) volume fraction
Fig.12 Precipitation strengthening stress ofspherical γ′ phase in the grain interiors of IN 740H welded joint (a) base metal (b) weld metal
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