Please wait a minute...
Acta Metall Sin  2025, Vol. 61 Issue (5): 744-756    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00252
Research paper Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Formation of γ′-Denuded Zone and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Inconel 740H Welded Joint After Creep at Different Temperatures
ZHOU Renyuan1(), ZHU Lihui2
1 School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213031, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Cite this article: 

ZHOU Renyuan, ZHU Lihui. Formation of γ′-Denuded Zone and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Inconel 740H Welded Joint After Creep at Different Temperatures. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(5): 744-756.

Download:  HTML  PDF(5505KB) 
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract  

In recent years, advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) power plants have developed rapidly to increase the thermal efficiency and decrease CO2 emission. Inconel 740H (IN 740H) is one of the Ni-based superalloys with the highest creep strength and good corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. Owing to its excellent comprehensive properties, IN 740H is considered one of the best candidate materials for superheater and reheater in A-USC power plants. Further improving the mechanical properties of IN 740H welded joint enhances the safety and economic viability of the power plants. In this study, IN 740H tubes were welded by multipass tungsten inert gas hot-wire welding followed by a post weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 800 oC for 5 h. The formation mechanism of the γ′-denuded zone in the IN 740H welded joint after creep at different temperatures was systematically investigated using OM, SEM, and TEM, and its effect on the mechanical properties was analyzed.Results show that the small rod-like γ′ phase only discontinuously precipitates at grain boundaries in the weld metal during PWHT. After creep at different temperatures, an earlier formation of a coarse rod-like γ′ phase and γ′-denuded zone is observed at grain boundaries in the weld metal than in the base metal. The formation of the coarse rod-like γ′ phase at grain boundaries in the base metal results from the discontinuous coarsening of the spherical γ′ phase near grain boundaries, whereas that in the weld metal results from the discontinuous coarsening of the discontinuously precipitated rod-like γ′ phase at the grain boundaries and spherical γ′ phase near the grain boundaries. The discontinuous coarsening of the rod-like γ′ phase and precipitation of M23C6 carbides at grain boundaries lead to the formation of the γ′-denuded zone. Increasing the creep temperature and creep time when the temperature is in the range of 700-800 oC increases the size of the rod-like γ′ phase and width of the γ′-denuded zone at grain boundaries, whereas the number of rod-like γ′ phase initially decreases and then increases with the increase of creep temperature. The spherical γ′ phase in the grain interiors plays a vital role in changing the hardness of the IN 740H welded joint. The discontinuous coarsening of the γ′ phase and the formation of the γ′-denuded zone at the grain boundaries not only decrease the hardness, but also deteriorate the creep rupture strength of the IN 740H welded joint. Controlling the discontinuous coarsening of the rod-like γ′ phase at grain boundaries, suppressing the formation of the γ′-denuded zone, and controlling the growth of the spherical γ′ phase in the grain interiors are necessary to improve the mechanical properties of the IN 740H welded joint.

Key words:  Inconel 740H      creep      welded joint      microstructure      γ′ phase     
Received:  09 June 2023     
ZTFLH:  TG132.3  
Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0801904)
Corresponding Authors:  ZHOU Renyuan, Tel: 18801911260, E-mail: zhoury@czu.cn

URL: 

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00252     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2025/V61/I5/744

Welding layer

Voltage

V

Current

A

Welding speed mm·min-1
110.2240190
211.8255280
311.6228200
Table 1  Welding parameters of Inconel 740H (IN 740H) tube
Fig.1  Schematics of sampling position and dimension of specimen for creep rupture test
Fig.2  Schematic of sampling position for microstructural observations
SpecimenTemperature oCStressMPaRupture time / hRupture location
700-1700405218Weld metal
700-23242048Weld metal
750-17502651264Base metal
750-22202999Weld metal
800-1800250135Weld metal
800-22011093Weld metal
Table 2  Parameters and creep test results of IN 740H welded joint
Fig.3  Vickers hardnesses of IN 740H welded joints before and after creep at different temperatures
(a) base metal (b) weld metal
Fig.4  OM images of IN 740H welded joints before (a) and after creep (b-g) at different temperatures
(a) before creep (b) specimen 700-1 (c) specimen 700-2 (d) specimen 750-1(e) specimen 750-2 (f) specimen 800-1 (g) specimen 800-2
Fig.5  TEM images of IN 740H welded joints before creep (a, b) and after creep at 700 oC (specimen 700-2) (c, d) (Insets in Figs.5a and b show the corresponding SAED patterns and EDS analyses)
(a, c) M23C6 carbides at grain boundaries (b, d) γ′ phase in the grain interiors
Fig.6  SEM images of microstructures of IN 740H welded joint before creep (Inset in Fig.6c shows the corresponding EDS analysis; rectangle in Fig.6c indicates the area where the rod-like γ′ phase is distributed)
(a) base metal (b) dendrite in weld metal (c) grain boundaries in weld metal
Fig.7  SEM images of base (a, c) and weld (b, d) metals of IN 740H welded joints after creep rupture at 700 oC (Inset in Fig.7d shows the corresponding EDS analysis of the rectangle area in Fig.7d)
(a, b) specimen 700-1 (c, d) specimen 700-2
Fig.8  SEM images of base (a, c) and weld (b, d) metals of IN 740H welded joints after creep rupture at 750 oC
(a, b) specimen 750-1 (c, d) specimen 750-2
Fig.9  SEM images of base (a, c) and weld (b, d) metals of IN 740H welded joints after creep rupture at 800 oC
(a, b) specimen 800-1 (c, d) specimen 800-2
Fig.10  Schematics of the formations of rod-like γ′ phase and γ′-denuded zone at grain boundaries in IN 740H weld metal after creep at different temperatures
Fig.11  Statistic results of spherical γ′ phase in the grain interiors of IN 740H base (a, b) and weld (c, d) metals before and after creep at different temperatures
(a, c) average diameter (b, d) volume fraction
Fig.12  Precipitation strengthening stress ofspherical γ′ phase in the grain interiors of IN 740H welded joint
(a) base metal (b) weld metal
1 Singh P, Arora N, Sharma A. Enhancing mechanical properties and creep performance of 304H and Inconel 617 superalloy dissimilar welds for advanced ultra super critical power plants [J]. Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip., 2023, 201: 104882
2 Bechetti D H, DuPont J N, de Barbadillo J J, et al. Microstructural evolution of INCONEL® alloy 740H® fusion welds during creep [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2015, 46A: 739
3 Viswanathan R, Henry J F, Tanzosh J, et al. U.S. program on materials technology for ultra-supercritical coal power plants [J]. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2005, 14: 281
4 Kim D M, Kim C, Yang C H, et al. Heat treatment design of Inconel 740H superalloy for microstructure stability and enhanced creep properties [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2023, 946: 169341
5 Evans N D, Maziasz P J, Swindeman R W, et al. Microstructure and phase stability in Inconel alloy 740 during creep [J]. Scr. Mater., 2004, 51: 503
6 Shingledecker J, deBarbadillo J J, Gollihue R, et al. Development and performance of INCONEL® alloy 740H® seam-welded piping [J]. Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip., 2023, 202: 104875
7 Render M, Santella M L, Chen X, et al. Long-term creep-rupture behavior of alloy Inconel 740/740H [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2021, 52A: 2601
8 Shin K Y, Lee J W, Han J M, et al. Transition of creep damage region in dissimilar welds between Inconel 740H Ni-based superalloy and P92 ferritic/martensitic steel [J]. Mater. Charact., 2018, 139: 144
9 Shingledecker J P, Pharr G M. The role of eta phase formation on the creep strength and ductility of Inconel alloy 740 at 1023 K (750 oC) [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2012, 43A: 1902
10 Brittan A M, Mahaffey J, Anderson M, et al. Effect of supercritical CO2 on the performance of 740H fusion welds [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, A742: 414
11 Guo Y, Li T J, Wang C X, et al. Microstructure and phase precipitate behavior of Inconel 740H during aging [J]. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2016, 26: 1598
12 Chong Y, Liu Z D, Godfrey A, et al. Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 740H during aging at 750 oC [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2014, A589: 153
13 Yin H F, Gao Y M, Gu Y F. Evolution of the microstructure and microhardness of the welding joint of IN 740H alloy with IN 617 as filler metal [J]. Mater. Charact., 2017, 127: 288
14 Bechetti D H, Dupont J N, Watanabe M, et al. Characterization of discontinuous coarsening reaction products in INCONEL® alloy 740H® fusion welds [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2017, 48A: 1727
15 Williams D B, Butler E P. Grain boundary discontinuous precipitation reactions [J]. Int. Met. Rev., 1981, 26: 153
16 Porter D A, Easterling K E. Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys [M]. 2nd Ed., Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992: 322
17 Xie X S, Zhao S Q, Dong J X, et al. Structural stability and improvement of Inconel alloy 740 for ultra supercritical power plants [J]. J. Chin. Soc. Power Eng., 2011, 31: 638
谢锡善, 赵双群, 董建新 等. 超超临界电站用Inconel 740镍基合金的组织稳定性及其改型研究 [J]. 动力工程学报, 2011, 31: 638
18 Sklenička V, Kuchařová K, Svoboda M, et al. Creep behaviour of IN 740 alloy after HAZ thermal cycle simulations [J]. Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip., 2019, 178: 104000
19 Gronsky R, Thomas G. Discontinuous coarsening of spinodally decomposed Cu-Ni-Fe alloys [J]. Acta Metall., 1975, 23: 1163
20 Fournelle R A. Discontinuous coarsening of lamellar cellular precipitate in an austenitic Fe-30 wt.%Ni-6 wt.%Ti alloy-I. Morphology [J]. Acta Metall., 1979, 27: 1135
21 Manna I, Pabi S K, Gust W. Discontinuous reactions in solids [J]. Int. Mater. Rev., 2001, 46: 53
22 Fedoseeva A, Nikitin I, Dudova N, et al. Coarsening of Laves phase and creep behaviour of a Re-containing 10%Cr-3%Co-3%W steel [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2021, A812: 141137
23 Guo Z K, Jie J C, Liu S C, et al. Suppression of discontinuous precipitation in age-hardening Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy by addition of V [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 813: 152229
24 Fang J Y C, Liu W H, Luan J H, et al. Competition between continuous and discontinuous precipitation in L12-strengthened high-entropy alloys [J]. Intermetallics, 2022, 149: 107655
25 Perez M, Dumont M, Acevedo-Reyes D. Implementation of classical nucleation and growth theories for precipitation [J]. Acta Mater., 2008, 56: 2119
26 Funkenbusch A W. Discontinuous γ′ coarsening in a Ni-Al-Mo base superalloy [J]. Metall. Trans., 1983, 14A: 1283
27 Manna I, Jha J N, Pabi S K. Kinetics of discontinuous precipitation in a Zn-2.5at%Cu alloy [J]. J. Mater. Sci., 1995, 30: 1449
28 Rao K B, Seetharaman V, Mannan S L, et al. Precipitation, deformation and fracture behaviour of a thermomechanically processed Nimonic PE 16 superalloy [J]. J. Nucl. Mater., 1981, 102: 7
29 Partridge A, Noble F W, Tatlock G J. The effects of long-term ageing on Nimonic PE16 [J]. J. Nucl. Mater., 1992, 186: 100
30 Olalla V C, Bliznuk V, Sanchez N, et al. Analysis of the strengthening mechanisms in pipeline steels as a function of the hot rolling parameters [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2014, A604: 46
[1] LI Xinyu, BAI Jiaming, ZHANG Haopeng, LI Xiaokun, JIA Jian, LIU Changsheng, LIU Jiantao, ZHANG Yiwen. Creep Behavior of Advanced Powder Metallurgy Nickel-Based Superalloys FGH4108 Under Different Stress Conditions[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(5): 757-769.
[2] LEI Yunlong, YANG Kang, XIN Yue, JIANG Zitao, TONG Baohong, ZHANG Shihong. Microstructure Evolution of Mechanically-Alloying and Its Subsequently-Annealed AlCrCu0.5Mo0.5Ni High-Entropy Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(5): 731-743.
[3] ZHANG Haopeng, BAI Jiaming, LI Xinyu, LI Xiaokun, JIA Jian, LIU Jiantao, ZHANG Yiwen. Effect of Hf and Ta on Creep Rupture Characteristics and Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ni-Based Superalloys[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(4): 583-596.
[4] YANG Minghui, LI Xingwu, SUN Chonghao, RUAN Ying. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Monel K-500 Alloy in Synergetic Modulation of Directional Solidification and Thermal Processing[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(4): 561-571.
[5] WANG Sheng, ZHU Yancheng, PAN Hucheng, LI Jingren, ZENG Zhihao, QIN Gaowu. Effect of Yb Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(3): 499-508.
[6] HUANG Ke, LI Xinzhi, FANG Xuewei, LU Bingheng. State-of-the-Art Progress and Outlook in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium Alloys[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(3): 397-419.
[7] JIANG Bin, ZHANG Ang, SONG Jiangfeng, LI Tian, YOU Guoqiang, ZHENG Jiang, PAN Fusheng. Defect Control of Magnesium Alloy Gigacastings[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(3): 383-396.
[8] WANG Qitao, LI Yanfen, ZHANG Jiarong, LI Yaozhi, FU Haiyang, LI Xinle, YAN Wei, SHAN Yiyin. Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 9Cr-ODS Steel as a Fusion Blanket Structural Material at Room Temperature[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(2): 323-335.
[9] DAI Jincai, MIN Xiaohua, XIN Shewei, LIU Fengjin. Effect of Interstitial Element O on Cryogenic Mechanical Properties in β-Type Ti-15Mo Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(2): 243-252.
[10] ZHOU Shengyu, HU Minghao, LI Chong, DING Haimin, GUO Qianying, LIU Yongchang. Creep Behavior of a Ni-Based Superalloy with Strengthening of γ' and γ'' Phases[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(2): 226-234.
[11] GUO Xingxing, SHUAI Meirong, CHU Zhibing, LI Yugui, XIE Guangming. Microstructure Evolution Near Interface and the Element Diffusion Dynamics of the Composite Stainless Steel Rebar[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(2): 336-348.
[12] HAN Qifei, DI Xinglong, GUO Yueling, YE Shuijun, ZHENG Yuanxuan, LIU Changmeng. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg/Mg Bimetals Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(2): 211-225.
[13] LI Junjie, LI Panyue, HUANG Liqing, GUO Jie, WU Jingyang, FAN Kai, WANG Jincheng. Progress in Multiscale Simulation of Solidification Behavior in Vacuum Arc Remelted Ingot[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(1): 12-28.
[14] ZHAO Yanan, GUO Qianying, LIU Chenxi, MA Zongqing, LIU Yongchang. Effects of Subsequent Heat Treatment on Microstructure and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Laser 3D Printed GH4099 Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(1): 165-176.
[15] XIA Xingchuan, ZHANG Enkuan, DING Jian, WANG Yujiang, LIU Yongchang. Research Progress on Laser Cladding of Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Coatings[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(1): 59-76.
No Suggested Reading articles found!