|
|
THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING OF GAS PORES IN FUSION WELDED Al ALLOYS BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY |
YU Cheng1, WU Shengchuan1,3( ), HU Yanan1, ZHANG Weihua1, FU Yanan2 |
1 State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031 2 Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204 3 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble F-38043, France |
|
Cite this article:
YU Cheng, WU Shengchuan, HU Yanan, ZHANG Weihua, FU Yanan. THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING OF GAS PORES IN FUSION WELDED Al ALLOYS BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY. Acta Metall Sin, 2015, 51(2): 159-168.
|
Abstract Large numbers of complicatedly distributed gas pores are inevitably formed during the hybrid fusion welding of aluminum alloys because of the sharp reduction of supersaturated hydrogen. However, there is no consistent and explicit view on how these gas pores are distributed and influence the static and fatigue property of welded aluminum joints. In this work, pores in hybrid welded 7020-T651 were characterized by high-resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray computed microtomography. The volume, sphericity, flatness and distance of pores centroid to free surface of samples were statistically measured and fitted. From the 3D characterization, micropores inside hybrid welds are mainly metallurgical pores, which are symmetrically distributed about the seam centerline, giving a mean sphericity larger than 0.65. Moreover, pores inside upper welds appear to be larger in effective diameter and denser in heat affected zone and lower welds. Besides, there are numerous pores with diameter less than 20 μm, with a frequency of 65% and 85% in the upper and lower weld, respectively. It seems that hot cracks with complicated morphology form in the lower weld due to shrinkage and rapid solidification of the molten pool. Furthermore, it is found that the connections of a few pore-pore and pore-hot-crack together with the hot cracks result in the smaller sphericity of gas pores in the lower welds. Finally it can be indicated that the higher welding speed gives rise to the smaller pore volume fraction, but has little influence on the distribution of pore position and sphericity。
|
Received: 23 June 2014
|
|
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51005068), Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (No.2682013CX030) and Fundamental Joint Research Fund for the High Speed Railway of China (No.U1234208) |
[1] |
Wu S C,Zhu Z T,Li X W. Laser Welding of Aluminium Alloys and the Performance Evaluation. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2014: 234
|
|
(吴圣川,朱宗涛,李向伟. 铝合金的激光焊接及性能评价. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2014: 234)
|
[2] |
Gong S L, Yao W, Steve S. Trans Chin Weld Inst, 2009; 30(1): 60
|
|
(巩水利, 姚 伟, Steve S. 焊接学报, 2009; 30(1): 60)
|
[3] |
Mathers G. The Welding of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2002: 18
|
[4] |
Wu S C, Yu X, Zuo R Z, Zhang W H, Xie H L, Jiang J Z. Weld J, 2013; 92: 64
|
[5] |
Li X Y, Gong S L, Zhang J X. J Mech Strength, 2008; 30: 965
|
|
(李晓延, 巩水利, 张建勋. 机械强度, 2008; 30: 965)
|
[6] |
Rudy J F, Rupert E J. Weld J, 1970; 49: 322
|
[7] |
Shore R J, McCauley R B. Weld J, 1970; 49: 311
|
[8] |
Ma J M, Li J Y. Dev Appl Mater, 2003; 18(6): 31
|
|
(马建民, 李敬勇. 材料开发与应用, 2003; 18(6): 31)
|
[9] |
Zhang M Y. Master Thesis, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 2013
|
|
(张明月. 西南交通大学硕士学位论文, 成都, 2013)
|
[10] |
Wang S G, Wang S C, Zhang L. Acta Metall Sin, 2013; 49: 897
|
|
(王绍刚, 王苏程, 张 磊. 金属学报, 2013; 49: 897)
|
[11] |
Yonetani H. Weld Int, 2008; 22: 701
|
[12] |
Wang Y J. Welding Technique for Aluminum High-Speed Train Body. 2nd Ed., Beijing: China Machine Press, 2011: 43
|
|
(王炎金. 铝合金车体焊接工艺. 第二版, 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2011: 43)
|
[13] |
Wang Y L,Chen H. Aluminum Welding Technology of High Speed Train Body. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University Press, 2012: 81
|
|
(王元良,陈 辉. 高速列车铝合金车体的焊接技术. 成都: 西南交通大学出版社, 2012: 81)
|
[14] |
Mizutani M, Yamaguchi Y, Katayama S. Weld Int, 2008; 22: 705
|
[15] |
Andrew R C, Waring J. Weld J, 1974; 53: 85
|
[16] |
Wan Q, Zhao H D, Zou C. Acta Metall Sin, 2013; 49: 284
|
|
(万谦, 赵海东, 邹纯. 金属学报, 2013; 49: 284)
|
[17] |
Li Y J. Quality Control of Microstructures and Performance for Welded Joints. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2005: 213
|
|
(李亚江. 焊接组织性能与质量控制. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2005: 213)
|
[18] |
Zhou W S,Yao J S. Welding Aluminum and Its Alloy. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2007: 48
|
|
(周万盛,姚君山. 铝及铝合金的焊接. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2007: 48)
|
[19] |
Zuo T C. Laser Processing of High Strength Aluminum Alloys. 2nd Ed., Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2008: 22
|
|
(左铁钏. 高强铝合金的激光加工. 第二版, 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2008: 22)
|
[20] |
Huang J L, Warnken N, Gebelin J C, Strangwood M, Reed R C. Acta Mater, 2012; 60: 3215
|
[21] |
Wu S C, Yu C, Zhang W H, Fu Y N, Helfen L. Sci Technol Weld Join, 2015; 20: 11
|
[22] |
Toda H, Masuda S, Batres R, Kobayashi M, Aoyama S, Onodera M, Furusawa R, Uesugi K, Takeuchi A, Suzuki Y. Acta Mater, 2011; 59: 4990
|
[23] |
Ma L D. Modern X-ray Polycrystalline Diffraction: Experimental Technique and Data Analysis. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2004: 318
|
|
(马礼敦. 近代X射线多晶体衍射: 实验技术与数据分析. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2004: 318)
|
[24] |
Zhang Q L, Ding L H, Shao S F, Liu W P, Wang X M, Sun D L, Yin S T. J Synth Cryst, 2009; 38: 330
|
|
(张庆礼, 丁丽华, 邵淑芳, 刘文鹏, 王晓梅, 孙敦陆, 殷绍唐. 人工晶体学报, 2009; 38: 330)
|
[25] |
Derek H. Fractography: Observing, Measuring and Interpreting Fracture Surface Topography. Lundon: Cambridge University Press, 1999: 153
|
[26] |
Wu S C, Zhang W H, Jiao H S, Fu Y N. Sci Sin Techologica, 2013; 43: 785
|
|
(吴圣川, 张卫华, 焦汇胜, 付亚楠. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2013; 43: 785)
|
No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|