Research Progress on Magnesium Alloys Based on Synchrotron Radiation In Situ Characterization Techniques

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00297

Acta Metall Sin

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (5): 890-904 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00297

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Research Progress on Magnesium Alloys Based on Synchrotron Radiation In Situ Characterization Techniques

GUO Enyu¹^,²(

), DU Zelong¹, LI Bingzhi¹, WANG Tongmin¹^,²(

)

1 Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2 Ningbo Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315032, China

Cite this article:

GUO Enyu, DU Zelong, LI Bingzhi, WANG Tongmin. Research Progress on Magnesium Alloys Based on Synchrotron Radiation In Situ Characterization Techniques. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(5): 890-904.

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Abstract

Magnesium alloys are widely employed in lightweight applications such as aerospace, transportation, and biomedical devices due to their low density, high specific strength, and good biocompatibility. Elucidating the dynamic evolution of microstructures during preparation and service is essential for alloy compositional design, processing optimization, and performance enhancement. Synchrotron radiation sources, which generate X-ray beams with high flux, high resolution, and high coherence, enable in situ dynamic characterization of microstructural evolution in magnesium alloys throughout the entire processing chain and under simulated service conditions. This paper briefly overviews the development of in situ sample environment devices at synchrotron facilities worldwide. It also systematically outlines recent research on the microstructural evolution mechanisms of magnesium alloys investigated using this advanced technology, covering solidification, deformation and damage, as well as corrosion and protection. Finally, future directions for the application of synchrotron radiation technology in magnesium alloy research are discussed.

Key words: synchrotron radiation magnesium alloy in situ characterization microstructural evolution

Received: 28 September 2025

ZTFLH:

TG115.22

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52371005);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52531001);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52534009)

Corresponding Authors: GUO Enyu, professor, Tel: (0411)84709500, E-mail: eyguo@dlut.edu.cn; WANG Tongmin, professor, Tel: (0411)84706790, E-mail: tmwang@dlut.edu.cn

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	GUO Enyu
	DU Zelong
	LI Bingzhi
	WANG Tongmin

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00297 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2026/V62/I5/890

Fig.1 In situ device for solidification and mechanical loading based on synchrotron radiation X-rays
(a, b) 3D drawing (a) and photo (b) of Bridgman furnace^[12] (UHV—ultra-high voltage)
(c) schematic of the environmental solidification cell setup at the I12 beamline of Diamond Light Source^[13]
(d) in situ ultra-high temperature tensile loading device^[15]
(e, f) schematic of thegeometries of specimens (e) and in situ mechanical rig for synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiment at I12 beamline of Diamond Light Source (f)^[16] (ETMT—electro-thermo-mechanical tester. L—load direction, ϕ—azimuth angle, 2θ—diffraction angle)

Fig.2 Real-time imaging device for electro-magnetic solidification behavior based on synchrotron radiation source and multi-functional/multi-environment service in situ loading device
(a, b) schematic (a)^[17,18] and on-site photo (b) of the solidification device integrating electromagnetic fields (CCD—charge coupled device, DC—direct current)
(c) in situ high temperature vacuum solidification furnace at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)
(d) in situ 4D high temperaturesolidification furnace at SSRF
(e) physical diagram of the in situ 4D loading device developed based on the imaging line station at SSRF
(f) schematic showing the structure of a mechanical rig for in situ microdiffraction experiment at SSRF

Fig.3 Crystal growth and coarsening mechanisms in magnesium alloys based on in situ 4D synchrotron radiation imaging technique
(a-d) crystal coarsening behaviors of Mg-Zn alloy during isothermal holding^[30] (Insets in Figs.3c and d are enlarged views) (e-h) 3D crystal growth in Mg-25%Zn-7%Al alloy (e, f) and Mg-25%Zn-7%Al composites with 0.7%SiC nano ceramic particles (g, h)^[36] (NP—nanoparticle, T_l—melt temperature,

T ˙

—cooling rate, f_s—solid fraction)

Fig.4 Typical applications of synchrotron radiation X-ray in situ diffraction technology in the deformation process of magnesium alloys
(a, b) {0002} pole figure of the extruded Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ (atomic fraction, %) alloy (a) and evolution of intensity of various poles (b)^[53] (ND—normal direction) (c, d) axial internal strains, overall sample strains, and intensity diffracted peaks during in situ compression at 100 ^oC (c) and 200 ^oC (d)^[53] (e, f) orientation maps of the region of interest with 1 μm (e) and 2 μm (f) step sizes, respectively^[55] (h'—height of mapping area)

Fig.5 Typical applications of synchrotron radiation X-ray in situ imaging technology in the damage and fracture process of magnesium alloys
(a) von Mises stress (S) distributions on the particles in composites with various particle sizes at 0.8% strain and the fracture process of a representative particle^[67] (ε—true strain. The stress concentration was indicated by red arrows)
(b, c) 2D slices (b) and 3D (c) fracture morphologies of composites^[67] (White arrows in Fig.5b indicate microcracks. The blue regions in Fig.5c represent the microcracks)
(d) void/microcrack link-up via micro-scale localization in the surface-scans of the sample^[70] (The three principal directions are labeled as longitudinal (L), which corresponds to the rolling direction, transverse (T) and short-transverse (S) through the thickness)
(e) reconstructed X-ray images showing cracks near the surface of the sample^[71] (F—force. The arrow in the bottom left image of Fig.5e shows a shear-like linkage between cracks, while the arrow in bottom right image shows a deflected fatigue crack propagation path)

Fig.6 Applications of synchrotron imaging technology in the corrosion protection of magnesium alloys
(a) 3D reconstructed images before and after 360 h immersion in 3.5%NaCl (mass fraction) solution for LAZWMVT alloy (Mg-Li-Al-Zn-Y-Mn-Gd-Sn alloy) under in situ corrosion observation, with secondary phase distributions indicated (Green represents Alₓ(Gd, Y, Mn) phase, red denotes Mg₂Sn phase, light blue marks AlLi phase, and yellow highlights corrosion pits)^[81]
(b) time-dependent corrosion morphologies of Mg-Sn alloy in NaCl solution monitored via in situ corrosion observation, and schematic diagram and physical device of in situ corrosion imaging experiment at SSRF^[82]
(c) 3D reconstructions of the interface between MAO-SSC coating on LA81 Mg-Li alloy surface obtained through in situ corrosion observation^[85] (MAO—micro-arc oxidation, SSC—solid-like slippery composite coating)
(d) 3D reconstructions of simulated ZX50 and MAO implant sites showing visible bubble structures (in light blue) via in situ corrosion observation^[86]

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