Please wait a minute...
Acta Metall Sin  2021, Vol. 57 Issue (4): 559-566    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00429
Research paper Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Tribological Properties of Polyalphaolefin (PAO6) Lubricant Modified with Particles Additives of Metallic Glass
BI Jiazi, LIU Xiaobin, LI Ran(), ZHANG Tao
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Cite this article: 

BI Jiazi, LIU Xiaobin, LI Ran, ZHANG Tao. Tribological Properties of Polyalphaolefin (PAO6) Lubricant Modified with Particles Additives of Metallic Glass. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(4): 559-566.

Download:  HTML  PDF(4453KB) 
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract  

In mechanical systems, friction and wear lead to energy loss and machine failure. Lubricants are widely used to minimize friction and wear between moving components. Additives in lubricants significantly improve the quality of the lubricants. In recent years, nanoparticles have started to play more important roles as lubricant additives because of their ability to minimize friction and wear reduction. Despite the advantages of nanoparticles as additives, there are also some challenges to their applications. The most significant challenge is that because of the strong van der Waals force, nanoparticles aggregate in solutions. In addition, their complex process of preparation and high costs limit application in large-scale fields. Metallic glasses (MGs) with long-range disorder structure exhibit novel physical and chemical properties, e.g., high strength and hardness, high elastic limitation, high hardness/elasticity ratio, which make them potentially suitable for use as additives for lubricants. This work presents the tribological properties of friction and wear behaviors of polyalphaolefin (PAO6) oil modified with Mn55Fe25P10B7C3 MG particles at different concentrations (0~0.5%, mass fraction). Four ball tests were performed with an MMW-1A tribotester, XRD was used to examine the structure of the prepared Mn-based powders, SEM was used to observe morphologies of Mn55Fe25P10B7C3 particles and worn surfaces; OM was used to measure the wear scar diameters (WSD) and its roughness was measured with a white light interferometer (WLI). The results show a significant decrease of up to 57.1% and 15.6% for the coefficient of friction (COF) and WSD, respectively, as the addition of 0.5% MG particles in PAO6. The addition of MG particles leads to a decrease of worn surface roughness. With a high hardness/elasticity ratio and similar modulus to the friction pairs, the MG particles show a “smearing-type” wear mechanism, thus enhancing the antifriction and antiwear performance of PAO6 lubricants.

Key words:  ultrafine amorphous powder      metallic glass      oil additive      tribology      wear     
Received:  27 October 2020     
ZTFLH:  TG139  
Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0703600);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51771008);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YWF-20-BJ-J-513)
About author:  LI Ran, associate professor, Tel: (010)82316192, E-mail: liran@buaa.edu.cn

URL: 

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00429     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2021/V57/I4/559

Fig.1  XRD spectra of Mn55Fe25P10B7C3 metallic glass (MG) powders passing through the test sieve of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mesh, respectively
Fig.2  SEM images with different magnifications of Mn55Fe25P10B7C3 MG powders passing through the test sieve of 1000 mesh (a-c) and the corresponding statistic histogram of the MG particle size d (d)
Fig.3  Variations of coefficient of friction vs time for PAO6 with different concentrations of Mn55Fe25P10B7C3 MG powders
Fig.4  OM images of worn scars on steel balls
Fig.5  Low (a, c) and locally high (b, d) magnified SEM images of worn surfaces of steel balls
Fig.6  WLI surface topographies of worn surfaces (a-f), worn depth (g), and roughness (Ra, RPV) of worn surfaces (h) with different concentrations of Mn55Fe25P10B7C3 MG powders (Ra—arithmetic mean deviation of roughness, RPV—maximum peak-to-valley roughness)
Fig.7  Summary of the ratio of hardness (H) to the elastic modulus (E) vs the elastic modulus of various materials
1 Holmberg K, Andersson P, Nylund N O, et al. Global energy consumption due to friction in trucks and buses [J]. Tribol. Int., 2014, 78: 94
2 Demydov D, Adhvaryu A, McCluskey P, et al. Advanced lubricant additives of dialkyldithiophosphate (DDP)-functionalized molybdenum sulfide nanoparticles and their tribological performance for boundary lubrication [A]. Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry: Environmental Applications [C]. America: American Chemical Society, 2010: 137
3 Oberle T L. Wear of metals [J]. JOM, 1951, 3(6): 438
4 Bartz W J. Tribology, lubricants and lubrication engineering—A review [J]. Wear, 1978, 49: 1
5 Mang T, Noll S, Bartels T. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry [M]. 7th Ed., America: Wiley, 2011: 385
6 Tang Z L, Li S H. A review of recent developments of friction modifiers for liquid lubricants (2007-present) [J]. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2014, 18 119
7 Gulzar M, Masjuki H H, Kalam M A, et al. Tribological performance of nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives [J]. J. Nanopart. Res., 2016, 18: 223
8 Shahnazar S, Bagheri S, Abd Hamid S B. Enhancing lubricant properties by nanoparticle additives [J]. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41: 3153
9 Zhang B S, Xu B S, Xu Y, et al. Cu nanoparticles effect on the tribological properties of hydrosilicate powders as lubricant additive for steel-steel contacts [J]. Tribol. Int., 2011, 44: 878
10 Rawat S S, Harsha A P, Das S, et al. Effect of CuO and ZnO nano-additives on the tribological performance of paraffin oil-based lithium grease [J]. Tribol. Trans., 2020, 63: 90
11 Zhang Y B, Li C H, Jia D Z, et al. Experimental evaluation of MoS2 nanoparticles in jet MQL grinding with different types of vegetable oil as base oil [J]. J. Cleaner Prod., 2015, 87: 930
12 Kong L H, Sun J L, Bao Y Y, et al. Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on wettability and tribological performance of aqueous suspension [J]. Wear, 2017, 376-377: 786
13 Luo T, Wei X W, Huang X, et al. Tribological properties of Al2O3 nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives [J]. Ceram. Int., 2014, 40: 7143
14 Singh Y, Sharma A, Singh N K, et al. Effect of SiC nanoparticles concentration on novel feedstock Moringa Oleifera chemically treated with neopentylglycol and their trobological behavior [J]. Fuel, 2020, 280: 118630
15 Marko M, Kyle J, Branson B T, et al. Tribological improvements of dispersed nanodiamond additives in lubricating mineral oil [J]. J. Tribol., 2014, 137: 011802
16 Wu Y Y, Tsui W C, Liu T C. Experimental analysis of tribological properties of lubricating oils with nanoparticle additives [J]. Wear, 2007, 262: 819
17 Zhou X D, Fu X, Shi H Q, et al. Lubricating properties of Cyanex 302-modified MoS2 microspheres in base oil 500SN [J]. Lubr. Sci., 2007, 19: 71
18 Liu G, Li X, Qin B, et al. Investigation of the mending effect and mechanism of copper nano-particles on a tribologically stressed surface [J]. Tribol. Lett., 2004, 17: 961
19 Xu T, Zhao J Z, Xu K. The ball-bearing effect of diamond nanoparticles as an oil additive [J]. J. Phys., 1996, 29D: 2932
20 Inoue A. Stabilization of metallic supercooled liquid and bulk amorphous alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2000, 48: 279
21 Ashby M F, Greer A L. Metallic glasses as structural materials [J]. Scr. Mater., 2006, 54: 321
22 Inoue A, Takeuchi A. Recent development and application products of bulk glassy alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2011, 59: 2243
23 Johnson W L. Bulk amorphous metal—An emerging engineering material [J]. JOM, 2002, 54(3): 40
24 Wang W H, Luo P. The dynamic behavior hidden in the long time scale of metallic glasses and its effect on the properties [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2018, 54: 1479
汪卫华, 罗 鹏. 金属玻璃中隐藏在长时间尺度下的动力学行为及其对性能的影响 [J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54: 1479
25 Leyland A, Matthews A. On the significance of the H/E ratio in wear control: A nanocomposite coating approach to optimised tribological behaviour [J]. Wear, 2000, 246: 1
26 Liu R, Li D Y. Modification of Archard's equation by taking account of elastic/pseudoelastic properties of materials [J]. Wear, 2001, 251: 956
27 Finkin E F. Examination of abrasion resistance criteria for some ductile metals [J]. J. Lubr. Technol., 1974, 96: 210
28 Leyland A, Matthews A. Design criteria for wear-resistant nanostructured and glassy-metal coatings [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, 177-178: 317
29 Chen Y J, Qiang J B, Dong C. Smearing-type wear behavior of Al62Cu25.5Fe12.5 quasicrystal abrasive on soft metals [J]. Intermetallics, 2016, 68: 23
30 Chen Y J, Hu X G, Qiang J B, et al. Quasicrystal abrasive polishing on soft metals via a characteristic smearing wear mechanism for efficient surface flattening, hardening and corrosion enhancement [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2016, 52: 1353
陈永君, 胡小刚, 羌建兵等. 准晶磨料的“碾抹”特性对软金属表面的平整性、硬度及耐蚀性的影响 [J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52: 1353
31 Zhang T, Yuan W J, Gong Z L. AlcCuaXb alloy powder engine oil additive applicable to engine and preparation method thereof [P]. Chin Pat, 200910084840.X, 2009
张 涛, 员文杰, 宫志利. 一种适用于发动机的AlcCuaXb合金粉机油添加剂及其制备方法 [P]. 中国专利, 200910084840.X, 2009)
32 Wang W H. Elastic moduli and behaviors of metallic glasses [J]. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2005, 351: 1481
33 Xu T, Li R, Xiao R J, et al. Tuning glass formation and brittle behaviors by similar solvent element substitution in (Mn, Fe)-based bulk metallic glasses [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, A626: 16
34 Peña-Parás L, Taha-Tijerina J, Garza L, et al. Effect of CuO and Al2O3 nanoparticle additives on the tribological behavior of fully formulated oils [J]. Wear, 2015, 332-333: 1256
[1] FENG Li, WANG Guiping, MA Kai, YANG Weijie, AN Guosheng, LI Wensheng. Microstructure and Properties of AlCo x CrFeNiCu High-Entropy Alloy Coating Synthesized by Cold Spraying Assisted Induction Remelting[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(5): 703-712.
[2] MIAO Junwei, WANG Mingliang, ZHANG Aijun, LU Yiping, WANG Tongmin, LI Tingju. Tribological Properties and Wear Mechanism of AlCr1.3TiNi2 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy at Elevated Temperature[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(2): 267-276.
[3] WANG Haifeng, ZHANG Zhiming, NIU Yunsong, YANG Yange, DONG Zhihong, ZHU Shenglong, YU Liangmin, WANG Fuhui. Effect of Pre-Oxidation on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Titanium Alloy by Low Temperature Plasma Oxynitriding[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(10): 1355-1364.
[4] ZHANG Shihong, HU Kai, LIU Xia, YANG Yang. Corrosion-Erosion Mechanism and Research Prospect of Bare Materials and Protective Coatings for Power Generation Boiler[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(3): 272-294.
[5] HAN Ruyang, YANG Gengwei, SUN Xinjun, ZHAO Gang, LIANG Xiaokai, ZHU Xiaoxiang. Austenite Grain Growth Behavior of Vanadium Microalloying Medium Manganese Martensitic Wear-Resistant Steel[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(12): 1589-1599.
[6] CUI Hongzhi, JIANG Di. Research Progress of High-Entropy Alloy Coatings[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(1): 17-27.
[7] SUN Xiaojun, HE Jie, CHEN Bin, ZHAO Jiuzhou, JIANG Hongxiang, ZHANG Lili, HAO Hongri. Effect of Fe Content on the Microstructure, Electrical Resistivity, and Nanoindentation Behavior of Zr60Cu40-xFex Phase-Separated Metallic Glasses[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(5): 675-683.
[8] GUAN Pengfei, SUN Shengjun. Atomic-Level Study in the Structure and Its Instability of Metallic Glasses[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(4): 501-514.
[9] ZENG Qiaoshi, YIN Ziliang, LOU Hongbo. Polyamorphic Transitions in Metallic Glasses[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(4): 491-500.
[10] PAN Jie, DUAN Fenghui. Rejuvenation Behaviors in Metallic Glasses[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(4): 439-452.
[11] JIANG Minqiang, GAO Yang. Structural Rejuvenation of Metallic Glasses and Its Effect on Mechanical Behaviors[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(4): 425-438.
[12] LI Ning, HUANG Xin. Recent Advances on 3D Printed Bulk Metallic Glasses[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(4): 529-541.
[13] ZHANG Nizhen, MA Xindi, GENG Chuan, MU Yongkun, SUN Kang, JIA Yandong, HUANG Bo, WANG Gang. Effect of Adding Ag on the Nanoindentation Behavior of Cu-Zr-Al-Based Metallic Glass[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(4): 567-574.
[14] YANG Qun, PENG Sixu, BU Qingzhou, YU Haibin. Revealing Glass Transition and Supercooled Liquid in Ni80P20 Metallic Glass[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(4): 553-558.
[15] CAO Qingping, LV Linbo, WANG Xiaodong, JIANG Jianzhong. Magnetron Sputtering Metal Glass Film Preparation and the “Specimen Size Effect” of the Mechanical Property[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(4): 473-490.
No Suggested Reading articles found!