轻质高强高阻尼HfO2@CNT/聚合物/CuAlMn复合材料的制备及性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00210

金属学报

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (3): 287-298 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00210

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

轻质高强高阻尼HfO₂@CNT/聚合物/CuAlMn复合材料的制备及性能

蒋招汉¹, 邱文婷¹, 龚深¹^,²(

), 李周¹^,²

¹中南大学材料科学与工程学院长沙 410083
²中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室长沙 410083

Preparation and Properties of Lightweight HfO₂@CNT/Polymer/CuAlMn Composite with High Strength and High Damping

JIANG Zhaohan¹, QIU Wenting¹, GONG Shen¹^,²(

), LI Zhou¹^,²

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
²State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

引用本文:

蒋招汉, 邱文婷, 龚深, 李周. 轻质高强高阻尼HfO₂@CNT/聚合物/CuAlMn复合材料的制备及性能[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(3): 287-298.
Zhaohan JIANG, Wenting QIU, Shen GONG, Zhou LI. Preparation and Properties of Lightweight HfO₂@CNT/Polymer/CuAlMn Composite with High Strength and High Damping[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(3): 287-298.

全文: PDF(3213 KB) HTML

摘要:

由于阻尼合金和聚合物分别在减振效果和力学性能方面存在不足，为了实现宽频域和温域内的功能结构一体化，本工作采用烧结蒸发法和真空渗入工艺成功制备了一种新型阻尼复合材料。该复合材料以多孔CuAlMn形状记忆合金为骨架，孔隙中填充了负载HfO₂颗粒的碳纳米管与黏弹性聚合物组成的复合体。对样品进行了动态力学分析和室温单轴压缩实验，结果表明，当骨架孔隙率为80%、碳纳米管质量分数为1%时，该复合材料的压缩屈服强度和弹性模量分别为27 MPa和1040 MPa，密度仅为2.11 g/cm³，损耗因子在0.1~200 Hz和20~100℃范围内都在0.055以上，最大值可达0.102。相比于同等孔隙率的CuAlMn骨架，复合材料的弹性模量、压缩屈服强度和损耗因子分别提高了1、2和1.5倍。引入三相模型研究了复合材料的阻尼机理，计算结果表明，新型复合材料的主要阻尼机制是界面阻尼。

关键词 ：阻尼复合材料, 多孔CuAlMn形状记忆合金, HfO₂, 碳纳米管, 聚合物, 界面阻尼

Abstract：

With the development of industry, people pay more and more attention to the hazards of vibration and noise in various fields. Besides adopting various vibration-reduction technologies, the demand for high-performance damping materials is also increasing to reduce vibration and noise. Among them, damping composites combine the advantages of different damping materials and superimpose multiple mechanisms to integrate their functions and structures, obtaining damping materials with excellent comprehensive performance. Herein, a novel damping composite was prepared using the sintering evaporation method and vacuum infiltration. This composite adopts the porous CuAlMn shape memory alloy as the skeleton, whose pores are filled with a composite composed of carbon nanotubes loaded with HfO₂ particles and a viscoelastic polymer. Uniaxial compression test at room temperature and dynamic mechanical analysis were carried out on composite samples. The results show that when porosity of the skeleton is 80% and the mass fraction of carbon nanotubes is 1%, the compressive yield strength and elastic modulus of the composite are 27 MPa and 1040 MPa, respectively, and its density is only 2.11 g/cm³. Its loss factor is > 0.055 in the range of 0.1-200 Hz and 20-100^oC, and its maximum value can reach 0.102. The elastic modulus, compressive yield strength, and loss factor of this composite increased by 1, 2, and 1.5 times, respectively, compared to those of the CuAlMn skeleton with same porosity. A three-phase model was utilized to analyze the damping mechanism of composite samples. The calculation results show that the primary damping mechanism of the proposed novel composite is interface damping.

Key words： damping composite porous CuAlMn shape memory alloy HfO₂ carbon nanotube polymer interface damping

收稿日期: 2022-05-05

ZTFLH:

TB333

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3501003);国家自然科学基金项目(52271125);装备预研领域基金项目(61402100105)

通讯作者: 龚深，gongshen011@csu.edu.cn，主要从事纳米功能(智能)材料和高性能铜合金及复合材料等研究

Corresponding author: GONG Shen, professor, Tel: 13786289378, E-mail: gongshen011@csu.edu.cn

作者简介: 蒋招汉，男，1996年生，博士生

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图1 HfO2@CNT/聚合物/CuAlMn复合材料的制备流程示意图(CNT代表碳纳米管)

表1 材料的简称和具体组成

图2 淬火态多孔CuAlMn SMA和聚合物/CuAlMn复合材料的SEM像，淬火态多孔CuAlMn SMA的室温XRD谱，远离孔隙、孔隙边缘以及典型孪晶马氏体的TEM像，及I区域的HRTEM像和选区电子衍射花样

图3 碳纳米纤维(CNFs)、CNTs和HfO2@CNTs的TEM像；CNTs和HfO2@CNTs的室温XRD谱；HfO2@CNTs的STEM像、STEM-HAADF像和EDS扫描结果；CNF/聚合物/CuAlMn、CNT/聚合物/CuAlMn和HfO2@CNT/聚合物/CuAlMn复合材料的SEM像

图4 5种材料的损耗因子和储能模量室温下随频率变化曲线和100 Hz下随温度变化曲线；多孔CuAlMn SMA、CNT/聚合物/CuAlMn和HfO2@CNT/聚合物/CuAlMn复合材料的损耗因子和储能模量在1、10和100 Hz下随温度的变化曲线；5种材料室温下的压缩应力-应变曲线

表2 5种材料的综合性能数据

图5 5种材料的阻尼性能(室温，低频振动)和密度与各种常用合金[23,28,29]的比较

图6 三相模型示意图

表3 材料的物理参数[23,32,40~49]

表4 5种材料的界面总面积、损耗因子的实验值和计算值

表5 5种材料中各个阻尼项的应变能损耗占比 (%)

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