国内航空发动机涡轮盘用铸锻难变形高温合金热加工研究现状与展望

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00153

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (10): 1215-1228 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00153

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国内航空发动机涡轮盘用铸锻难变形高温合金热加工研究现状与展望

张瑞¹, 刘鹏¹, 崔传勇¹(

), 曲敬龙², 张北江², 杜金辉², 周亦胄¹, 孙晓峰¹

^1.中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016
^2.钢铁研究总院高温材料研究所北京 100081

Present Research Situation and Prospect of Hot Working of Cast & Wrought Superalloys for Aero-Engine Turbine Disk in China

ZHANG Rui¹, LIU Peng¹, CUI Chuanyong¹(

), QU Jinglong², ZHANG Beijiang², DU Jinhui², ZHOU Yizhou¹, SUN Xiaofeng¹

^1.Shi -Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.High-Temperature Materials Division, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China

引用本文:

张瑞, 刘鹏, 崔传勇, 曲敬龙, 张北江, 杜金辉, 周亦胄, 孙晓峰. 国内航空发动机涡轮盘用铸锻难变形高温合金热加工研究现状与展望[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(10): 1215-1228.
Rui ZHANG, Peng LIU, Chuanyong CUI, Jinglong QU, Beijiang ZHANG, Jinhui DU, Yizhou ZHOU, Xiaofeng SUN. Present Research Situation and Prospect of Hot Working of Cast & Wrought Superalloys for Aero-Engine Turbine Disk in China[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(10): 1215-1228.

全文: PDF(4039 KB) HTML

摘要:

近年来我国对高性能航空发动机的需求越来越迫切，随之涡轮盘用合金服役环境也越来越苛刻，耐700℃以上的GH4065、GH4720Li、GH4068和GH4151等一系列涡轮盘用铸锻合金被广泛研究、制备或使用。为了促进这类合金的发展和综合性能提升，本文从合金种类、均匀化处理工艺、铸锭开坯、盘件制备和组织性能调控等方面综述了我国涡轮盘用铸锻难变形合金的热加工研究现状，凝练出这类合金在研究制备过程中的短板问题，并对未来的工作方向进行了展望，借此促进涡轮盘用铸锻难变形高温合金的发展和工艺稳定性的提升。

关键词 ：涡轮盘, 铸锻难变形高温合金, 热加工, 组织与性能

Abstract：

In recent years, the demand for high-performance aero-engines has become crucial in China, and the service environment of turbine disk alloy becomes increasingly severe. A series of high resistant cast & wrought superalloys for turbine disks, such as GH4065, GH4720Li, GH4068, and GH4151, with working temperatures > 700°C, have been studied, produced, and applied widely. The current studies on cast & wrought alloys for turbine disks in China were summarized under the categories of homogenization treatment, cogging, disk forging, and microstructure and property regulation to promote the development of these superalloys and improve their comprehensive properties. The difficulties encountered during the research and preparation of these hard-to-deform superalloys and explored the alloys' potential development trend were outlined. The review would improve the production stability of the disk superalloys and promote their development.

Key words： turbine disk cast & wrought superalloy hot working microstructure and property

收稿日期: 2021-04-12

ZTFLH:

TG14

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0705300、2017YFA0700703);国家科技重大专项项目(2019-VI-0006-0120);辽宁省博士启动基金项目(2020-BS-007);中国科学院金属研究所创新基金项目(2021-PY09)

作者简介: 张瑞，男，1989年生，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00153 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I10/1215

图1 镍基高温合金中的合金化元素[10]

表1 典型航空发动机涡轮盘用变形高温合金的名义成分[11~14] (mass fraction / %)

表2 典型航空发动机涡轮盘用变形高温合金的特征参数[15]

图2 GH4151合金真空感应熔炼(VIM)铸锭(直径80 mm)显微组织[26]

图3 GH4720Li合金铸锭中枝晶间析出相形貌及元素分布图[27]

图4 GH4065合金开坯工艺不当造成的不均匀晶粒组织[15](a) low-magnification (b) residual as-cast structure

图5 双锥形试样压缩示意图[34]

图6 GH4068合金开坯前后的微观组织状态

图7 GH4068合金的动态再结晶机制[43](a) discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DRX—dynamic recrystallization)(b) continuous dynamic recrystallization(c) heteroepitaxial dynamic recrystallization

图8 基于组织演变的GH4068合金的热加工图[37]

图9 基于组织演变的U720Li合金热加工图[42]

图10 双相细晶组织GH4068合金的超塑性变形行为

图11 不同固溶处理冷却方式下GH4068合金中γ'相形貌[48](a) air cooling (b, c) slow cooling

表3 典型航空发动机涡轮盘用变形高温合金的持久性能[5,19]

图12 几种典型合金的蠕变变形机制[48]

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