氘、氚在RAFM钢中的扩散渗透研究

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00373

金属学报

2018, Vol. 54

Issue (4): 519-526 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00373

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

氘、氚在RAFM钢中的扩散渗透研究

范东军¹, 陆光达²(

), 张桂凯², 包锦春², 杨飞龙², 向鑫², 陈长安²

1 表面物理与化学重点实验室绵阳 621908
2 中国工程物理研究院绵阳 621907

Deuterium and Tritium Permeation in the Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel

Dongjun FAN¹, Guangda LU²(

), Guikai ZHANG², Jinchun BAO², Feilong YANG², Xin XIANG², Chang'an CHEN²

1 Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
2 China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China

引用本文:

范东军, 陆光达, 张桂凯, 包锦春, 杨飞龙, 向鑫, 陈长安. 氘、氚在RAFM钢中的扩散渗透研究[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(4): 519-526.
Dongjun FAN, Guangda LU, Guikai ZHANG, Jinchun BAO, Feilong YANG, Xin XIANG, Chang'an CHEN. Deuterium and Tritium Permeation in the Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(4): 519-526.

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摘要:

采用气相渗透方法,对国产低活化铁素体/马氏体钢(RAFM钢)之一的中国低活化马氏体钢(CLAM钢)进行了氘(D)、氚(T)渗透实验,得出了573~873 K间,氘在CLAM钢中的渗透率Φ_D=3.41×10^-8exp(-39181/(RT)) (mol/(msPa^0.5)),扩散系数D_D=1.43×10^-7exp(-22110/(RT)) (m²/s),溶解度常数S_D=2.38×10^-1exp(-17071/(RT)) (mol/(m³Pa^0.5))。在573~823 K间,氚在CLAM钢中的渗透率为Φ_T=2.50×10^-8exp(-38493/(RT)) (mol/(msPa^0.5)),并根据渗透的同位素效应比值,推导出氚在CLAM钢中的扩散系数D_T=1.95×10^-7exp(-22797/(RT)) (m²/s),溶解度常数S_T=1.28×10^-1exp(-15696/(RT)) (mol/(m³Pa^0.5))。实验还发现,风冷降温使钢的氘渗透通量出现先升后降的异常现象,其产生的机制及其对工程应用的影响有待进一步研究。

关键词 ：氘(D), 氚(T), RAFM钢, 气相渗透

Abstract：

Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel is the preferred structural material for test blanket module in fusion reactor. The study of the diffusion transport character of deuterium and tritium in the steel is of great significance for fuel recycling, tritium diffusion control, recovery and safety to China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) item. Two kind of RAFM steels have been developed in China and one of them, China low activation martensitic (CLAM) steel, is chosen to investigate its diffusive transport parameters of deuterium and tritium in this work. By gas-driven permeation experiment between 573 K and 873 K, deuterium transport parameters are measured. The permeability is: Φ_D=3.41×10^-8exp(-39181/(RT)) (mol/(msPa^0.5)), the diffusion coefficient is D_D=1.43×10^-7exp(-22110/(RT)) (m²/s), the solubility constant is S_D=2.38×10^-1exp(-17071/(RT)) (mol/(m³Pa^0.5)). Between 573 K and 823 K, the permeability of tritium is Φ_T=2.50×10^-8exp(-38493/(RT)) (mol/(msPa^0.5)). According to the isotopes effect rule, the diffusion coefficient and solubility constant of tritium is deduced respectively: D_T=1.95×10^-7exp(-22797/(RT)) (m²/s) and S_T=1.28×10^-1exp(-15696/(RT)) (mol/(m³Pa^0.5)). A strange behavior appears in experiments with deuterium: after forced air cooling to the steel, the permeation flux through it quickly rise first and then anomaly lower for hours. The mechanism arousing the phenomenon and effects on use in engineering needs further investigation.

Key words： deuterium tritium RAFM steel gas-driven permeation

收稿日期: 2017-09-05

ZTFLH:

TG142

基金资助:国家磁约束核聚变能发展研究专项项目No.2015GB109006和国家自然科学基金项目No.51471154

作者简介:

作者简介范东军,男,1993年生,硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00373 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2018/V54/I4/519

图1 氘渗透和氚渗透实验盒示意图

图2 氘渗透率(ΦD) Arrhenius曲线图

图3 氘扩散系数(DD) Arrhenius曲线图

表1 各类低活化铁素体/马氏体钢(RAFM钢)的渗透率常数Φ0、渗透活化能EΦ、扩散系数常数D0和扩散活化能ED

图4 氚渗透率(ΦT) Arrhenius曲线图

图5 氘、氚渗透率的同位素效应比值γ

图6 风冷降温后623和723 K 氘渗透通量随时间变化

图7 CLAM钢原始样品、炉冷降温样品和风冷降温样品显微组织的OM像

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