合金凝固过程中显微组织演化的元胞自动机模拟<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00361

金属学报

2016, Vol. 52

Issue (10): 1297-1310 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00361

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

合金凝固过程中显微组织演化的元胞自动机模拟^*

朱鸣芳¹(

),汤倩玉¹,张庆宇¹,潘诗琰²,孙东科³

1 东南大学江苏省先进金属材料高技术研究重点实验室, 南京 211189
2 南京理工大学工程训练中心, 南京 210094
3 上海交通大学上海市先进高温材料及其精密成形重点实验室, 上海 200240

CELLULAR AUTOMATON MODELING OF MICRO-STRUCTURE EVOLUTION DURING ALLOY SOLIDIFICATION

Mingfang ZHU¹(

),Qianyu TANG¹,Qingyu ZHANG¹,Shiyan PAN²,Dongke SUN³

1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
2 Engineering Training Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
3 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

朱鸣芳, 汤倩玉, 张庆宇, 潘诗琰, 孙东科. 合金凝固过程中显微组织演化的元胞自动机模拟^*[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(10): 1297-1310.
Mingfang ZHU, Qianyu TANG, Qingyu ZHANG, Shiyan PAN, Dongke SUN. CELLULAR AUTOMATON MODELING OF MICRO-STRUCTURE EVOLUTION DURING ALLOY SOLIDIFICATION[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2016, 52(10): 1297-1310.

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摘要:

元胞自动机(cellular automaton, CA)方法能够有效地描述凝固过程中显微组织形貌的复杂演化过程, 且计算效率较高, 展现出良好的实际应用潜力. 近20年来, CA模型取得了很大的进展. 本文简要综述几种模拟凝固组织的CA模型, 包括纯扩散和对流作用下的枝晶生长、共晶凝固、多元合金中的热力学和动力学耦合、枝晶耦合凝固气孔的生长、以及多尺度的耦合模拟. 最后, 对今后CA模型的发展提出作者的几点思考.

关键词 ：合金, 凝固, 显微组织, 数值模拟, 元胞自动机

Abstract：

Microstructure evolution during solidification is a complex process controlled by the interplay of heat, solute, capillary, thermodynamics and kinetics. Computational modeling can provide detailed information about the interactions between transport phenomena and phase transformation. Thus, it has emerged as an important and indispensable tool in studying the underlying physics of microstructural formation in solidification. During the last two decades, extensive efforts have been dedicated to explore the numerical models based on the methods of phase field (PF), cellular automaton (CA), front tracking (FT), and level set (LS), for the simulation of solidification microstructures. The CA approach can reproduce various realistic microstructure features with an acceptable computational efficiency, indicating the considerable potential for practical applications. It has, therefore, drawn great interest in academia and achieved remarkable advances in the simulation of microstructures. This paper gives an overview of CA based models, spanning from the meso-scale to the micro-scale, for the prediction of microstruc ture evolution during alloy solidification. The governing equations and numerical algorithms of CA based models and derived coupling models are summarized, including the calculations of nucleation, growth kinetics, interface curvature, surface tension anisotropy and crystallographic orientation, thermal and solutal transport, melt convection utilizing the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), the coupling of CA with control volume (CV) method, the coupling of CA with CALPHAD approach for multi-component alloy systems, as well as the approaches for eliminating the artificial anisotropy caused by the CA square cells. The main achievements in this field are addressed by presenting examples encompassing a wide variety of problems involving dendritic growth in pure diffusion and with melt convection, eutectic solidification, microstructure formation in multi-component alloys, dendritic growth with gas pore formation, and multi-scale simulation. Finally, the future prospects and challenges for the CA modeling of solidification microstructures are discussed.

Key words： alloy solidification microstructure numerical modeling cellular automaton

收稿日期: 2016-08-05

ZTFLH:

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目51371051和51501091, 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目2242016K40008, 以及东南大学优秀博士论文培育基金YBJJ1627资助

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00361 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2016/V52/I10/1297

图1 在铸型壁和熔体内的形核分布

图2 CV网格节点和CA元胞的耦合示意图[14]

图3 模拟的Ni-0.4%Cu (质量分数)合金在1.5 K/s的冷速下等轴枝晶的演化

图4 模拟的Al-2.0%Mg-1.0%Si (质量分数)合金在纯扩散和强制对流下的柱状晶生长形貌

图5 模拟的初始成分C0=4.1%C (质量分数) 的亚共晶球墨铸铁凝固时的形貌演化

图6 模拟的Al-7%Si-1.5%Mg (质量分数)合金枝晶和共晶组织演化

图7 模拟的Al-7%Si (质量分数)合金中枝晶生长与H气孔形成的形貌演化

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