回火温度对超深井承压件<strong>F22M</strong>钢微观组织与力学性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00122

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (4): 587-598 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00122

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

回火温度对超深井承压件F22M钢微观组织与力学性能的影响

江慧敏¹^,², 魏梦洁³^,⁴, 胡小强³^,⁴(

), 蔡欣³, 李殿中³^,⁴, 党恩⁵

^1.中国科学技术大学稀土学院赣州 341000
^2.中国科学院赣江创新研究院赣州 341000
^3.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016
^4.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016
^5.宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司宝鸡 721002

Effects of Tempering Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of F22M Steel for Blowout Preventer in Ultra-Deep Well

JIANG Huimin¹^,², WEI Mengjie³^,⁴, HU Xiaoqiang³^,⁴(

), CAI Xin³, LI Dianzhong³^,⁴, DANG En⁵

^1.School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Ganzhou 341000, China
^2.Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
^3.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^4.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
^5.Baoji Petroleum Machinery Co. Ltd. , Baoji 721002, China

引用本文:

江慧敏, 魏梦洁, 胡小强, 蔡欣, 李殿中, 党恩. 回火温度对超深井承压件F22M钢微观组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(4): 587-598.
Huimin JIANG, Mengjie WEI, Xiaoqiang HU, Xin CAI, Dianzhong LI, En DANG. Effects of Tempering Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of F22M Steel for Blowout Preventer in Ultra-Deep Well[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(4): 587-598.

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摘要:

承压件是油气钻井安全装置的核心部件，其强韧性控制至关重要。本工作研究了回火温度对超深井防喷器组承压件用自主选材——F22M钢微观组织和力学性能的影响，深入探讨了回火过程中F22M钢位错密度、析出相等微观结构的演化规律和回火态F22M钢的强韧化机制。结果表明，F22M钢回火态微观组织由贝氏体和少量回火索氏体组成。随着回火温度由610 ℃升高至670 ℃，贝氏体板条发生回复，位错密度由6.23 × 10¹⁵ m^-2降低至3.38 × 10¹⁵ m^-2；沿板条界面分布的长条状M₃C碳化物逐渐球化，转变为在基体中弥散分布的M₇C₃碳化物。F22M钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度出现下降趋势，低温冲击韧性显著提升。当回火温度由630 ℃升高至650 ℃时，-29 ℃冲击功由31 J急剧上升至277 J，提升幅度达到7.9倍。回火过程中，位错强化和析出强化是F22M钢的主要强化机制，贝氏体板条回复引起的软化效应和碳化物的球化是F22M钢冲击韧性提升的主要原因。

关键词 ： F22M钢, 回火温度, 碳化物, 冲击韧性

Abstract：

To ensure the safety of ultra-deep wells for oil and gas exploitation, the pressure components of blowout preventers (BOPs) are designed with large and thick sections. Existing low-alloy steels, such as 35CrMo, 20CrMoV, and 25CrNiMo, fail to meet the requirements of heat resistance, corrosion resistance, strength, and toughness necessary for BOP pressure parts in ultra-deep wells. A novel type of F22M steel, developed through synchronous micro-alloying with V, B, and rare earth elements based on F22 steel—a heat-resistant steel for steam power plant pipes—has been successfully applied in a test ultra-deep well. However, further detailed study of this steel is necessary for optimization. In the present work, the effects of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of F22M steel were investigated by OM, SEM, TEM, and XRD. Additionally, the strengthening-toughening mechanisms of tempered F22M steel were analyzed. The results reveal that the microstructure of F22M steel tempered within the 610-670 ^oC range comprises predominantly bainite with a small amount of tempered sorbite. As the tempering temperature increases, the dislocation density decreases from 6.23 × 10¹⁵ m^-2 at 610 ^oC to 3.38 × 10¹⁵ m^-2 at 670 ^oC due to bainitic lath recovery. Moreover, M₃C carbides, which initially form as strips along bainitic lath boundaries, gradually evolve into spherical, dispersed granular M₇C₃ carbides within the matrix. Consequently, strength decreases smoothly, while impact toughness improves significantly. Notably, the impact toughness of F22M steel tempered at 650 ^oC reaches 277 J at -29 ^oC, 7.9 times higher than the 31 J observed at 630 ^oC. Quantitative analysis reveal that dislocation and precipitation strengthening are the primary contributors to the yield strength of tempered F22M steel. However, the softening effects resulting from bainitic lath recovery and carbide evolution during tempering significantly enhance the steel’s impact toughness.

Key words： F22M steel tempering temperature carbide impact toughness

收稿日期: 2024-04-25

ZTFLH:

TG142

基金资助:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(XDA0390100);中国科学院青年创新促进会优秀会员项目(Y2021060);“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC2203158)

通讯作者: 胡小强，xqhu@imr.ac.cn，主要从事稀土特殊钢及其零部件研发与应用研究

Corresponding author: HU Xiaoqiang, professor, Tel: (024)23971973, E-mail: xqhu@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 江慧敏，女，1996年生，博士生

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图1 淬火态以及不同温度回火后F22M钢的微观组织形貌和位错密度随回火温度的变化

图2 不同温度回火后F22M钢的晶界图及大/小角度晶界占比和有效晶粒尺寸统计图

图3 610 ℃回火后F22M钢微观组织的SEM像和TEM分析

图4 630 ℃回火后F22M钢微观组织的SEM像和TEM分析

图5 650和670 ℃回火后F22M钢微观组织的TEM分析

图6 不同温度回火后F22M钢碳化物的长径比

图7 不同温度回火后F22M钢的强度、伸长率和Brinell硬度

图8 不同回火温度后F22M钢的-29 ℃冲击功

图9 不同温度回火后F22M钢-29 ℃冲击断口的SEM像

图10 热力学平衡状态F22M钢中析出相质量分数随温度的变化曲线

图11 回火态F22M钢屈服强度的计算值与实验值对比

图12 不同温度回火后F22M钢的韧化机制示意图

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