高温合金锻件残余应力量化表征及控制技术研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00246

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (9): 1144-1158 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00246

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

高温合金锻件残余应力量化表征及控制技术研究进展

毕中南¹^,²(

), 秦海龙¹^,², 刘沛², 史松宜², 谢锦丽¹^,², 张继¹^,²

¹钢铁研究总院高温合金新材料北京市重点实验室北京 100081
²北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司北京 100081

Research Progress Regarding Quantitative Characterization and Control Technology of Residual Stress in Superalloy Forgings

BI Zhongnan¹^,²(

), QIN Hailong¹^,², LIU Pei², SHI Songyi², XIE Jinli¹^,², ZHANG Ji¹^,²

¹Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced High Temperature Materials, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
²Gaona Aero Material Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China

引用本文:

毕中南, 秦海龙, 刘沛, 史松宜, 谢锦丽, 张继. 高温合金锻件残余应力量化表征及控制技术研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1144-1158.
Zhongnan BI, Hailong QIN, Pei LIU, Songyi SHI, Jinli XIE, Ji ZHANG. Research Progress Regarding Quantitative Characterization and Control Technology of Residual Stress in Superalloy Forgings[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(9): 1144-1158.

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摘要:

残余应力是在没有外力的作用下，仍以平衡状态存在于物体内部的应力，主要源于制备过程中不均匀的塑性变形。高温合金层错能低、回复困难，因此相对于其他金属材料来说，残余应力易累积、难释放、控制难度大，并由此导致了后续加工和使用过程中的各类问题。本文从高温合金锻件残余应力的形成和演化机理出发，综述了铸-锻-热处理-机加工-焊接等工艺中残余应力测试表征、数值模拟、优化控制等方面的研究进展，并重点介绍了多尺度残余应力与高温合金中析出相变的交互作用行为，及残余应力对高温合金锻件服役性能的影响，并在此基础上展望了合理预置并利用残余应力的可能性。

关键词 ：高温合金, 残余应力, 形成机理, 数值模拟, 优化控制

Abstract：

Residual stress exists in an equilibrium state inside an object without external forces, mainly due to uneven plastic deformation during object preparation. Superalloys exhibit low stacking fault energy and face difficulty in recovery. Therefore, compared with the residual stress in other metal materials, the residual stress in superalloys accumulates easily and is difficult to release and control, causing various problems in their subsequent processing and service. Starting from the formation and evolution mechanism of residual stress in superalloy forgings, this article reviews the research progress regarding the casting, forging, heat treatment, machining, and welding processes involved in residual stress characterization, numerical simulation, optimization control, etc. and focuses on analyzing the interaction behaviors between multiscale residual stress and precipitation phase transformation in superalloys. Further, this article analyzes the impact of residual stress on the service performance of superalloy forgings; the possibility of reasonable preset and utilization of residual stress is envisioned based on this.

Key words： superalloy residual stress formation mechanism numerical simulation optimization and control

收稿日期: 2023-06-05

ZTFLH:

TG115.23

作者简介: 毕中南，男，1983年生，正高级工程师，博士

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图1 IN718合金锻件内部三向残余应力面分布图[33]

图2 GH4169合金不同温度和应变速率下应力-应变关系实测与模拟结果对比[49]

图3 温度场、组织场和应力场的残余应力计算耦合模型

图4 GH4169合金铸锭内部残余应力计算结果

图5 时效过程中GH4169盘锻件中心位置残余应力的原位中子衍射测试结果[62]

图6 基于冷却场精准调控的高温合金残余应力控制装置(超级气冷)和实施效果示意图

图7 轮廓法测得的基于冷却场调控的盘锻件弦向残余应力分布

图8 轮廓法测得的高速旋转前后的GH4169盘锻件弦向残余应力分布

图9 残余应力影响下γ"相析出行为的变化[62]

图10 GH4169合金γ"相变体选择行为对合金应力-应变关系的影响

图11 不同残余应力的GH4169合金盘件低循环疲劳实验结果[91]

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