钛合金及其扩散焊疲劳特性研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00548

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (4): 473-485 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00548

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

钛合金及其扩散焊疲劳特性研究进展

李细锋, 李天乐, 安大勇, 吴会平, 陈劼实, 陈军(

)

上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院塑性成形技术与装备研究院上海 200030

Research Progress of Titanium Alloys and Their Diffusion Bonding Fatigue Characteristics

LI Xifeng, LI Tianle, AN Dayong, WU Huiping, CHEN Jieshi, CHEN Jun(

)

Institute of Forming Technology & Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China

引用本文:

李细锋, 李天乐, 安大勇, 吴会平, 陈劼实, 陈军. 钛合金及其扩散焊疲劳特性研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(4): 473-485.
Xifeng LI, Tianle LI, Dayong AN, Huiping WU, Jieshi CHEN, Jun CHEN. Research Progress of Titanium Alloys and Their Diffusion Bonding Fatigue Characteristics[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(4): 473-485.

全文: PDF(3386 KB) HTML

摘要:

本文主要对钛合金及其扩散焊疲劳特性研究进展进行了综述，总结了钛合金及其焊接后疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的规律。概述了钛合金的化学成分和分类，以及常用焊接方法，重点介绍扩散焊的特点和优势。描述了循环载荷作用下滑移带形成和位错的运动现象，阐明疲劳裂纹萌生的机制。钛合金微观组织的选择是优化力学性能的常见方法，现有研究表明，制备层合结构是降低钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的一种重要调控手段。不合适的焊接工艺参数会导致接头缺陷的形成，后续热处理能够降低接头缺陷，并提高焊接构件的疲劳寿命和疲劳强度。最后，简述了扩散焊制备多层和异种钛合金层合结构来实现构件高损伤容限的可行性。

关键词 ：钛合金, 扩散焊, 层合结构, 疲劳裂纹萌生, 裂纹扩展

Abstract：

This paper concentrates on the research progress of titanium alloys and their diffusion bonding fatigue characteristics, and summarizes the laws of fatigue crack initiation and growth of titanium alloys with/without welding. The chemical composition, classification, and common welding method of titanium alloys are stated, with emphasis on the features and advantages of diffusion bonding. The phenomena of slip band formation and dislocation movement under cyclic loading are described, and the mechanism of fatigue crack initiation is clarified. The selection of microstructures is a common method to optimize mechanical properties of titanium alloys. Previous studies suggested that the laminated structure is an important mode to realize the low fatigue crack growth rate of titanium alloys. Improper parameters of the welding process can cause joint defects, and further heat treatment can reduce joint defects while improving the fatigue life and strength. Finally, the multilayer and heterogeneous laminates of titanium alloys produced by diffusion bonding are briefly described to realize the possibility of high damage tolerance.

Key words： titanium alloy diffusion bonding laminated structure fatigue crack nucleation crack growth

收稿日期: 2021-12-13

ZTFLH:

TG113.25

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51875350);国家自然科学基金项目(52105383)

作者简介: 李细锋，男，1980年生，研究员，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00548 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I4/473

图1 商用飞机中Ti的使用量随时间推移不断增加(气泡大小表示飞机载客量)[5]

表1 常用钛合金国内外牌号和名义化学成分[10,11]

图2 Mo当量钛合金类型示意图

图3 我国飞机结构钛合金发展趋势示意图

图4 置氢的Ti2AlNb/TC4异种钛合金扩散焊界面SEM微观组织表征、EDS分析与接头强度[24]

图5 梯形结构的驻留滑移带内部结构与产生的表面凹凸的关系示意图[36]

图6 疲劳裂纹扩展速率与ΔK的函数曲线

图7 基于同位扫描电镜观察增材制造TC4钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展过程[54]

图8 TC4钛合金扩散焊层合结构疲劳断口形貌和裂纹扩展[61,62]

图9 异种钛合金[72]和钛基合金的扩散焊界面微观结构

图10 扩散焊制备TC4/TA15合金异质层合结构疲劳裂纹扩展断面特征[73]

图11 扩散焊层合结构样件[77]

图12 疲劳循环周次与施加应力幅的关系

图13 Ti550/TC4合金扩散焊接头和疲劳性能[83]

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