先进钢铁材料焊接性研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00369

金属学报

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (4): 601-618 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00369

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

先进钢铁材料焊接性研究进展

彭云¹(

),宋亮^1,²,赵琳¹,马成勇¹,赵海燕²,田志凌¹

^1.钢铁研究总院北京 100081
^2.清华大学北京 100084

Research Status of Weldability of Advanced Steel

PENG Yun¹(

),SONG Liang^1,²,ZHAO Lin¹,MA Chengyong¹,ZHAO Haiyan²,TIAN Zhiling¹

^1.Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
^2.Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

引用本文:

彭云,宋亮,赵琳,马成勇,赵海燕,田志凌. 先进钢铁材料焊接性研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(4): 601-618.
Yun PENG, Liang SONG, Lin ZHAO, Chengyong MA, Haiyan ZHAO, Zhiling TIAN. Research Status of Weldability of Advanced Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(4): 601-618.

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摘要:

进入21世纪以来，随着各工程领域对高性能钢铁材料需求的多样性和要求的提高，新一代先进钢铁材料研发随之展开。其相应的焊接材料和焊接技术成为材料应用的关键。本文重点介绍了超细晶粒钢、低碳贝氏体钢、高氮奥氏体不锈钢、高强汽车钢等先进钢铁材料的焊接工艺与接头组织性能的研究现状与进展。就焊接接头的微观组织演化、焊接接头性能、夹杂物和马氏体-奥氏体(M-A)组元的形成与影响、合金元素和热输入对焊缝组织性能的影响等进行了详细评述。研究表明，焊接热影响区是影响焊接接头性能的主要区域，同时要采用适当的焊材及工艺才能获得性能匹配的焊缝。并对焊接接头的强韧化机理、疲劳裂纹扩展机理、焊接热过程对钢材组织和性能的影响等方面的研究进行了评述。最后，对焊接材料和工艺的未来研究方向进行了展望。

关键词 ：贝氏体钢, 超细晶钢, 高氮奥氏体不锈钢, 高强汽车钢, 焊接性

Abstract：

New generation advanced steel has been studied with the increased requirement for high property steel by various engineering fields since the 21st century. Correspondingly, their welding materials and welding techniques are crucial for the application of the steels. In this paper, the research status and the development of the welding processes, microstructure and properties of welded joint of the advanced steel, including ultra-fine grained steel, low carbon bainitic steel, high nitrogen austenite stainless steel and high strength automotive steel are introduced. The microstructure evolution of welded joints, the microstructure and properties of welded joints, the formation of inclusions and martenite-austenite (M-A) components and its influence on properties, and the influence of alloying elements and heat input on weld properties are reviewed. Study results show that heat affected zone (HAZ) is the main area which affects the performance of welded joints, and proper welding materials and processes are required to achieve a matching welded joint. The strengthening and toughening mechanism of weld joint, mechanism of fatigue crack growth, effect of welding thermal process on microstructure and properties of steel, are also reviewed. At last, the research prospect on welding materials and welding techiques is presented.

Key words： bainitic steel ultra-fine grained steel high nitrogen austenite stainless steel high strength automobile steel weldability

收稿日期: 2019-11-04

ZTFLH:

TG142，TG42，TG44

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0304700)

作者简介: 彭云，男，1963年生，教授，博士

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图1 SS400钢激光焊接接头的微观组织

图2 400 MPa超细晶粒钢激光焊焊缝中下贝氏体组织的TEM像

图3不同C当量(Ceq)焊丝的超低碳贝氏体(ULCB)钢气体保护焊焊缝金属形貌

图4 ULCB钢气体保护焊(MAG)接头熔敷金属冲击断口形貌

图5 1Cr22Mn15N熔化极惰性气体保护焊(MIG)焊接接头热影响区(HAZ)组织的TEM像

图6 1Cr22Mn15N MIG焊接接头热影响区中Cr23C6组织的TEM像及衍射花样

图7 氩弧焊焊缝的N的体积分数

图8 HC420LA接头焊缝区显微组织

图9 焊接速率和离焦量对接头硬度的影响

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