<strong>316L</strong>奥氏体不锈钢非对称载荷下的疲劳与循环塑性行为

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00377

金属学报

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (6): 773-782 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00377

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

316L奥氏体不锈钢非对称载荷下的疲劳与循环塑性行为

彭剑^1,²(

),高毅¹,代巧^2,³,王颖¹,李凯尚¹

1. 常州大学机械工程学院常州 213164
2. 常州大学江苏省绿色过程装备重点实验室常州 213164
3. 江苏理工学院机械工程学院常州 213001

Fatigue and Cycle Plastic Behavior of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Under Asymmetric Load

Jian PENG^1,²(

),Yi GAO¹,Qiao DAI^2,³,Ying WANG¹,Kaishang LI¹

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Process Equipment, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China

引用本文:

彭剑,高毅,代巧,王颖,李凯尚. 316L奥氏体不锈钢非对称载荷下的疲劳与循环塑性行为[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(6): 773-782.
Jian PENG, Yi GAO, Qiao DAI, Ying WANG, Kaishang LI. Fatigue and Cycle Plastic Behavior of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Under Asymmetric Load[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(6): 773-782.

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摘要:

对316L奥氏体不锈钢非对称拉-拉疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳和循环塑性行为进行研究。通过疲劳寿命、循环应变幅、平均应变、平均应变率和失效应变的差异划分高、低应力区：在高应力区，平均应变、平均应变率和失效应变大，存在显著的循环塑性变形，疲劳寿命短；在低应力区，循环塑性变形累积有限，疲劳寿命显著增加。通过失效区域的显微组织观察和断口分析发现：在高应力区断口附近产生了大量的孔洞，断口以韧窝为主要特征；在低应力区存在疲劳裂纹，其扩展方向垂直于加载方向，断口由起裂点、疲劳裂纹扩展区、过渡区和快速断裂区组成。316L奥氏体不锈钢高应力区为循环塑性变形主导区，失效形式为循环塑性累积产生的韧性失效；低应力区为疲劳主导区，失效形式为疲劳裂纹扩展失效。

关键词 ： 316L奥氏体不锈钢, 疲劳, 循环塑性变形, 失效模式

Abstract：

Due to excellent mechanical property and corrosion resistance of 316L austenitic stainless steel, it is widely used in chemical industry, but its fatigue behavior under asymmetric cycle load is not well understood. In this work, the fatigue and cyclic plastic deformation behavior of 316L austenitic stainless steel under asymmetric tensile-tensile cycle loading are studied, focusing on the variations of fatigue life, cycle plastic deformation and fracture mechanism with applied cycle load. The high and low stress regions can be clearly divided based on the differences of fatigue life, cyclic strain amplitude, mean strain, mean strain rate and failure strain. In the high stress region, mean strain, mean strain rate and failure strain are large, resulting in the significant cyclic plastic deformation, and the fatigue life is short. In the low stress region, the cyclic plastic deformation accumulation is limited, and the fatigue life is significantly increased. Through microstructural observations near fracture area and fracture surface analyses, the differences between large stress region and low stress region can be found. In the high stress region, a large number of voids are generated near the fracture surface, and the fracture surface is mainly featured by dimples. In contrast, in the low stress region, the fatigue crack is found near the fracture surface, and its propagation direction is perpendicular to the loading direction. The fatigue crack initiation site, the fatigue crack propagation zone, transition zone and rapid fracture zone are found on the fracture surface. Results of fracture mechanism analyses suggest that, the high stress region of 316L austenitic stainless steel is the cyclic plastic deformation dominant region, and the failure mechanism is the ductile failure caused by the accumulation of cyclic plastic deformation; while the low stress region is the fatigue dominant zone, and the failure mechanism is the fatigue crack propagation failure.

Key words： 316L austenitic stainless steel fatigue cyclic plastic deformation failure mode

收稿日期: 2018-08-16

ZTFLH:

TG111.8

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.51805230);国家自然科学基金项目(51505041);江苏省高校自然科学基金项目(No.16KJB460002)

作者简介: 彭剑，男，1987年生，博士

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表1 316L奥氏体不锈钢疲劳实验方案及疲劳寿命(应力比R=0.1)

图1 316L奥氏不锈钢显微组织的OM像

图2 316L奥氏体不锈钢循环应变幅与循环周次(N)的关系

图3 316L奥氏体不锈钢在不同循环载荷作用下平均应变的演化规律

图4 低应力区和高应力区平均应变和平均应变率随循环次数的演化规律

图5 失效平均应变和半寿命周期平均应变率与最大循环应力的关系

图6 平均应力不变、最大应力增加和最大应力不变、平均应力增加时阶梯疲劳载荷加载示意图

图7 平均应力不变、最大应力增加和最大应力不变、平均应力增加时阶梯疲劳循环应变幅演化规律

图8 平均应力不变、最大应力增加和最大应力不变、平均应力增加时阶梯疲劳载荷下平均应变演化规律

图9 316L奥氏体不锈钢最大应力-疲劳寿命曲线

图10 最大应力为580 MPa时高应力区试样断口表面的OM像

图11 最大应力为525 MPa时低应力区试样断口附近OM像

图12 最大应力为580 MPa时高应力区试样断口形貌的SEM像

图13 最大应力为525 MPa时低应力区试样断口形貌的SEM像

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