纯W的塑性变形机制探索与研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00399

金属学报 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00399

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纯W的塑性变形机制探索与研究进展

陈昱溟^1,2, 谭晓月^1,2, 朱晓勇^1,2,3, 刘家琴⁴, 吴玉程^1,2,3

1 合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院合肥 230009

2 合肥工业大学有色金属材料与加工技术国家地方联合工程研究中心合肥 230009

3 合肥工业大学先进能源材料与环境国际合作基地合肥 230009

4 北京化工大学化学学院北京 100029

Progress in Exploring Plastic Deformation Mechanisms of Pure Tungsten

CHEN Yuming^1,2, ZHU Xiaoyong^1,2,3, TAN Xiaoyue^1,2,3, LIU Jiaqin⁴, WU Yucheng^1,2,3 CHEN Yuming^1,2, ZHU Xiaoyong^1,2,3, TAN Xiaoyue^1,2,3, LIU Jiaqin⁴, WU Yucheng^1,2,3

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

2 National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

3 National International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Advanced Energy and Environmental Materials, Hefei University of technology, Hefei 230009, China

4 College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

引用本文:

陈昱溟, 谭晓月, 朱晓勇, 刘家琴, 吴玉程. 纯W的塑性变形机制探索与研究进展[J]. 金属学报, DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00399.

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摘要: 钨（W）因具有高熔点、低物理溅射率、低氘滞留以及优异的力学性能等优点而成为核聚变堆中偏滤器部位首选的面向等离子体材料(PFMs)，同时因为其高密度、高硬度、高导电导热的特性，被视为国防军工、电子电工等领域的重要战略材料。然而纯W本身韧性差、韧脆转变温度高的特点，导致其在室温下表现出很明显的脆性行为。这不仅增加了其在低温下的加工难度，同时作为聚变材料，W在聚变堆运行期间，受到持续的热损伤和辐照损伤，这种苛刻的服役环境会加剧W的脆性开裂，使得相关部件的使用寿命大大降低。W的塑性变形行为和增韧改性研究已成为当前研究的热点问题，但是人们对钨的塑性变形机制本质依然存在缺陷。同时，已有的研究表明，单晶W在低温状态下表现出了较好的延展性，同时其变形能力随着晶体曲线的不同出现了明显的差异；同时还发现在纳米晶W的塑性变形存在由孪生变形主导的现象，这意味人们对于纯W塑韧性本质的理解依然存在漏洞。本文根据国内外现有研究成果，阐述了目前人们对于纯W塑性变形机制认知的改进，同时总结了不同情况下纯W的塑性变形究进展，希望能够完善人们对于W塑性变形机制上的认知，为后续纯W的改性工作提供新的思路。

关键词 ：纯W, 面向等离子体材料, 塑性变形, 位错滑移, 孪生

Abstract：Tungsten ( W ) has become the preferred plasma facing materials ( PFMs ) for the divertor in nuclear fusion reactors due to its high melting point, low physical sputtering rate, low deuterium retention and excellent mechanical properties. At the same time, because of its high density, high hardness, high conductivity and thermal conductivity, it is regarded as an important strategic material in the fields of national defense, military industry, electronics and electrical engineering. However, pure W exhibits obvious brittle behavior at room temperature due to its poor toughness and high ductile-brittle transition temperature. This not only increases the difficulty of processing at low temperatures, but also as a fusion material, W is subjected to continuous thermal damage and irradiation damage during the operation of the fusion reactor. This harsh service environment will aggravate the brittle cracking of W, which greatly reduces the service life of related components. The plastic deformation behavior and toughening modification of W have become a hot issue in current research, but there are still defects in the essence of the plastic deformation mechanism of tungsten. At the same time, existing studies have shown that single crystal W exhibits good ductility at low temperatures, and its deformability varies significantly with different crystal curves. At the same time, it is also found that the plastic deformation of nanocrystalline W is dominated by twinning deformation, which means that there are still loopholes in the understanding of the nature of plasticity and toughness of pure W. Based on the existing research results at home and abroad, this paper expounds the improvement of people 's understanding of the plastic deformation mechanism of pure W, and summarizes the research progress of plastic deformation of pure W under different conditions, hoping to improve people 's understanding of the plastic deformation mechanism of W and provide new ideas for the subsequent modification of pure W.

Key words： Tungsten plasma-oriented materials plastic deformation dislocation slip twins

收稿日期: 2025-12-03

基金资助:国家自然科学基金国际（地区）交流与合作重点项目(52020105014); 国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(51474083); 国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(51672065); 国家重大研发计划磁约束核聚变重大专项(2022YFE03140001); 国家重大研发计划磁约束核聚变重大专项(2022YFE03030003); 国家重大研发计划磁约束核聚变重大专项(2022YFE03140004); 国家重大研发计划磁约束核聚变重大专项(2019YFE03120002); 国家“清洁能源新材料与技术”学科创新引智基地项目(No. B18018)

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