幸子涵, 陈雷, 张泽雄, 窦竣, 张宇鑫, 牛梦朝, 胡建良, 李群. 电辅助成形对7050铝合金薄壁高筋模锻件组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00220.
, , , , , , , . Effects of Electrically Assisted Forming on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 7050 Aluminum Alloy Thin-Walled High-Ribbed Forgings[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 0, (): 0-.

摘要 相关文章 Metrics 全文: PDF(2592 KB)   摘要: 针对7050铝合金薄壁高筋模锻件在传统热模锻过程中因表层激冷作用，导致模锻件组织不均匀、服役性能不达标的问题，本工作探究了引入脉冲电流的电辅助成形工艺对其组织与力学性能的调控作用。利用脉冲电流的趋肤效应、Joule热效应和电塑效应，改善模锻件截面的组织均匀性并提升其综合力学性能，结合实验表征和有限元仿真，系统揭示了脉冲电流作用下模锻件的微观结构演变规律，并通过拉伸实验测评其力学性能。结果表明，在脉冲电压400 V、脉冲宽度50 μs、通电时间60 s的条件下，优选电流频率600 Hz的电辅助成形工艺，通过电-热-力多场耦合作用，有效促进了再结晶行为，形成均匀等轴晶组织，改善了模锻件表层心部的组织均匀性；通过提高溶质固溶度，强化了析出相对屈服强度的贡献，使模锻件的强度和延伸率均有所提升，实现了表层与心部性能的协同优化。 关键词 ： 薄壁高筋模锻件,  电辅助成形,  趋肤效应,  力学性能,  组织均匀性     Abstract：7050 aluminum alloy thin-walled high-ribbed die forgings are essential structural components in aerospace engineering, necessitating a lightweight design coupled with high mechanical performance. However, conventional hot die forging often results in a substantial microstructural gradient distribution, characterized by coarse surface grains and severe inhomogeneity between the surface and core of the forgings due to rapid surface cooling when the billet contacts the die. These defects significantly degrade the mechanical properties and reliability of the components. In addition, conventional process optimization methods cannot fundamentally resolve these issues, often necessitating the removal of unacceptable surface layers, which leads to considerable material waste. Pulsed current-based electrically assisted forming (EAF) has demonstrated unique advantages in regulating metal plastic deformation and microstructure via the skin, electrothermal, and electroplastic effects. However, its systematic application in complex thin-walled high-ribbed die forgings has not been documented. To address these challenges, this study incorporates pulsed current into the conventional hot die forging process, taking 7050 aluminum alloy H-shaped thin-walled high-ribbed die forgings as the research object. Key parameters include a pulse voltage of 400 V, pulse width of 50 μs, and energizing time of 60 s. Two current frequencies, 600 and 1000 Hz, are selected as experimental variables to assess the regulatory effects of EAF on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The study employs finite element simulations to analyze current density and temperature field distributions, alongside multiscale experimental characterizations such as OM, EBSD, SEM, TEM, and tensile testing. This comprehensive approach reveals the microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms under electro-thermal-mechanical multifield coupling. Results demonstrate that the 600-Hz medium-frequency EAF process yields the optimal comprehensive regulation effect. The pulsed current mitigates surface heat loss during die forging, facilitates sufficient dynamic recrystallization, and generates uniform equiaxed grains throughout the cross-section, thus eliminating microstructural inhomogeneity. Moreover, the electro-thermal-mechanical coupling effect enhances solute solid solubility and boosts the contribution of precipitation strengthening to yield strength, leading to simultaneous improvements in strength and ductility. The mechanical properties of the surface and core of the forgings are highly balanced, with yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation measuring 495 MPa, 511 MPa, and 13.6% for the surface, and 492 MPa, 507 MPa, and 13.5% for the core, respectively. By contrast, the 1000-Hz high-frequency current exacerbates the skin effect, causing excessive current concentration on the surface and insufficient energy penetration into the core, resulting in incomplete recrystallization and increased structural inhomogeneity. Consequently, the mechanical properties of the 1000-Hz-processed forgings are inferior and less uniform. This study elucidates the regulatory mechanism of current frequency on the microstructural homogeneity and mechanical properties of complex aluminum alloy die forgings under electro-thermal-mechanical multifield coupling. The findings provide a novel and efficient technical approach for integrated microstructure-performance control in high-strength aluminum alloy thin-walled high-ribbed components, offering considerable potential for reducing material waste and enhancing component reliability in aerospace manufacturing. Key words： Thin-walled high-ribbed die forgings    electrically assisted forming    skin effect    mechanical property    microstructural homogeneity 收稿日期: 2025-08-08      基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(No. 52171018); 河北省自然科学基金项目(No. E2021203059); 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(No.236Z1016G); 中南大学极端服役性能精准制造全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目(No. Kfkt2023-09); 四川省航空模锻件工程技术研究中心(中国二重万航模锻)开放课题; 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(No.254Z4503G) 服务 把本文推荐给朋友 加入引用管理器 E-mail Alert RSS 作者相关文章 幸子涵 陈雷 张泽雄 窦竣 张宇鑫 牛梦朝 胡建良 李群 44.8K 链接本文: https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00220      或      https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y0/V/I/0 [1] 吕昭平, 申耀祖, 王先珍, 陈强, 唐建国, 张晓宾, 于勇, 蒋虽合, 刘雄军, 王辉, 吴渊. 面向极端服役条件的高熵合金结构材料：性能优势、瓶颈与突破路径[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(5): 743-755. [2] 郑玉峰, 谌雨农. 纯Mo及钼基可降解金属材料的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(5): 905-922. [3] 陈光, 陈奉锐, 朱德民, 李贵忠, 李罗, 宋伟东, 王子特, 相恒高, 陈旸, 祁志祥. 聚片孪生功能基元序构的高性能TiAl合金[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(4): 541-549. [4] 王建峰, 许珍木, 刘战, 高转妮, 占小红. 超声振动对TC4钛合金窄间隙激光焊接组织及强化机理的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(3): 406-420. 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