<strong>45CrNiMoVA</strong>钢脉冲磁处理的强化机理

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00402

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (10): 1272-1280 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00402

研究论文

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45CrNiMoVA钢脉冲磁处理的强化机理

栾晓圣¹, 梁志强²(

), 赵文祥², 石贵红¹, 李宏伟³, 刘心藜³, 祝国荣³, 王西彬²

^1.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京 100081
^2.北京理工大学先进加工技术国防重点学科实验室北京 100081
^3.北京北方车辆集团有限公司北京 100072

Strengthening Mechanism of 45CrNiMoVA Steel by Pulse Magnetic Treatment

LUAN Xiaosheng¹, LIANG Zhiqiang²(

), ZHAO Wenxiang², SHI Guihong¹, LI Hongwei³, LIU Xinli³, ZHU Guorong³, WANG Xibin²

^1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science for Advanced Machining, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
^3.Beijing North Vehicle Group Corporation, Beijing 100072, China

引用本文:

栾晓圣, 梁志强, 赵文祥, 石贵红, 李宏伟, 刘心藜, 祝国荣, 王西彬. 45CrNiMoVA钢脉冲磁处理的强化机理[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(10): 1272-1280.
Xiaosheng LUAN, Zhiqiang LIANG, Wenxiang ZHAO, Guihong SHI, Hongwei LI, Xinli LIU, Guorong ZHU, Xibin WANG. Strengthening Mechanism of 45CrNiMoVA Steel by Pulse Magnetic Treatment[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(10): 1272-1280.

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摘要:

采用脉冲磁场对珠光体态和回火马氏体态45CrNiMoVA钢分别进行了磁化处理，基于纳米压痕实验结果，分析了脉冲磁处理对残余应力、硬度和弹性模量的影响规律；基于磁滞回线的测量和磁力显微镜的观察结果，分析了脉冲磁处理对磁畴微观组织结构的影响。结果表明，脉冲磁处理能够引起试样表面残余压应力增加；脉冲磁处理后珠光体态和回火马氏体态45CrNiMoVA钢硬度分别增加1.85%和1.84%；脉冲磁处理对珠光体态下的弹性模量影响较小，但对回火马氏体态下的弹性模量影响较大，脉冲磁处理后回火马氏体态的弹性模量增加4.48%；磁化过程中，磁畴运动引起微区材料的应力应变是导致材料力学性能强化的主要机制。

关键词 ： 45CrNiMoVA钢, 脉冲磁场, 磁畴运动, 强化机理

Abstract：

Understanding the mechanism of the effects of magnetization treatment on the mechanical properties of materials for applications in magnetic field-assisted machining and magnetic treatment strengthening is of great significance. Pearlite and tempered martensite 45CrNiMoVA steels were magnetized by a pulsed magnetic field. Nanoindentation experiments were conducted to examine the effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the residual stress, hardness, and elastic modulus. The effect of pulsed magnetic treatment on the microstructure of the magnetic domain was analyzed by measuring the hysteresis loop and via magnetic microscopy. A magnetic pulse treatment could increase the residual compressive stress on the sample surface. The hardness of pearlite and tempered martensite 45CrNiMoVA steel was increased by 1.85% and 1.84%, respectively, after the magnetic pulse treatment. The magnetic pulse treatment had an insignificant effect on the elastic modulus of pearlite 45CrNiMoVA steel but had a considerable effect on tempered martensite 45CrNiMoVA steel. After the magnetic pulse treatment, the elastic modulus of the tempered martensite 45CrNiMoVA steel increased by 4.48%. In the magnetization process, the stress and strain of the micro-region material caused by the movement of the magnetic domains was the main mechanism responsible for strengthening the mechanical properties of 45CrNiMoVA steel.

Key words： 45CrNiMoVA steel pulsed magnetic field magnetic domain motion strengthening mechanism

收稿日期: 2020-10-10

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFB1311100);国家自然科学基金项目(51975053);基础科研项目(DEDPHF、DEDPZF、DEDPYDJ)

作者简介: 栾晓圣，男，1992年生，博士生

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	王西彬
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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00402 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I10/1272

图1 不同热处理条件下45CrNiMoVA钢的微观组织(a) pearlite (P), annealed(b) tempered martensite (TM)

图2 脉冲磁化处理设备结构示意图

表1 45CrNiMoVA钢脉冲磁化处理实验方案

图3 典型纳米压痕载荷-位移曲线及重要的加载/卸载参数示意图

图4 磁化处理前后45CrNiMoVA钢的纳米压痕加载-位移曲线(a) pearlite(b) tempered martensite

图5 残余应力对纳米压痕载荷-位移曲线的影响规律

图6 磁化处理前后45CrNiMoVA钢表面残余应力的变化

Microstructure	Magnetization state	$S$	$h s$ nm	$h c$ nm	$h m a x$ nm	$A c$ nm²	$P m a x$ mN	$P r e s$ mN	$σ R$ MPa
	Magnetization state		$h s$ nm	$h c$ nm	$h m a x$ nm	$A c$ nm²	$P m a x$ mN	$P r e s$ mN	$σ R$ MPa
P	Unmagnetized	1.73	122.54	1909.31	2031.85	89317820	293.21	5.56	62.2
	Magnetization	1.71	125.83	1889.34	2015.17	87458085	298.77
TM	Unmagnetized	1.71	262.41	1994.11	1731.70	73476586	622.51	4.25	57.8
	Magnetization	1.76	256.16	1978.27	1722.10	72660224	626.76

表2 基于纳米压痕曲线的残余应力计算结果

图7 磁化处理对45CrNiMoVA钢硬度的影响(a) pearlite(b) tempered martensite

图8 磁化处理对45CrNiMoVA钢弹性模量的影响(a) pearlite(b) tempered martensite

图9 45CrNiMoVA钢的磁性能及分析(a) measurement results of hysteresis loop(b) schematic diagram of domain motion in different magnetization stages

图10 磁化处理对45CrNiMoVA钢磁畴结构形貌的影响(a) unmagnetized pearlite(b) magnetized pearlite(c) unmagnetized tempered martensite(d) magnetized tempered martensite

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