Acta Metallurgica Sinica
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ISSN 0412-1961
CN 21-1139/TG
Started in 1956
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, Volume 34 Issue 5
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THE RESIDUAL STRAIN, DISLOCATION AND TWIN IN Gr(C)/Mg COMPOSITE
WU Feng; ZHU Jing (School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084)(Central Iron and Steel Research Institute; Beijing 100081)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 449-454.
Abstract
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The investigation on the microstructure of the residual strain, dislocation and twin nearby interfaces resulted from the thermal stress in Gr(C)/Mg composite has been carried out in this work. The dislocations sprout at interfaces between Gr(C) and the matrix and move towards matrix under the axial, radial and tangential stresses. There is a strain layer with a thickness of about 150 nm nearby the Gr(C) fiber, and the strain is concentrated in narrow areas of the matrix. The formation of twins occurs at one interface and usually ends at a neighbor interface. As the twin is thick, it may cause the neighbor interface apart.
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BULK NANO-SCALE MULTILAYERS PREPARED BY REPEATED PRESSING-ROLLING
HUANG Bin (School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200030)ISHIHARA Keiichi N; SHINGU Hideo P (Graduate School of Energy Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606; Japan)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 455-458.
Abstract
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Bulk nano-scale multilayers have been prepared by repeated pressing-rolling the initially macroscopically thick layered sample. The SEM and TEM observations revealed that the final layer thickness in the regular laminates is about 10 nm. The Fe/Cu multilayers exhibited a clear magnetoresistance (MR) ratio at 77 K. The tensile strength is over 1500 MPa and its elongation is about 0.8% at room temperature.
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THE NEW DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF-SReM4 MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE QUARTERNARY SYSTEM OF C-Mn-Fe-Si
XU Kuangdi;JIANG Guochang; ZHANG Xiaobing; TANG Kai; XU Jianlun; DING Weizhong (Shanghai Enhaned Laboratory of Ferrometallurgy; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200072)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 459-466.
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On the base of sub-regular melt model (SELF-SReM4.0 model), a model SELF-SReM4.1 was designed to solve the precipitate of carbide. Taking C-Mn-Fe-Si quarternary system as an example, the calculated results of component activities by above mentioned two models are introduced and some equilibrium rules of Si-Mn and Mn-Fe systems are also analysed.
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Cr YIELD AND OXIDATIONAL DEPHOSPHORIZATION DURING THE BATH SMELTING REDUCTION PROCESS
XU Kuangdi; JIANG Guochang; ZHANG Xiaobing; XU Jianlun (Shanghai Enhanced Laboratory of Ferrometallurgy; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200072)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 467-472.
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The pilot test of bath smelting reduction process producing stainless master alloy was carried out in a 15 t complex blowing converter. It was found that the yield of chromium is not high and the master alloy contains too much phosphorous. It indicates that the bath smelting reduction process producing stainless master alloy is indeed a process of [C] - [Cr] selective oxidational dephosphorization procedure. Essentially, it is a selective oxidation among [C]-[Cr]-[P]elements. Based on the model of SELF-SReM4, these two problems were discussed quantitatively in this paper.
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STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE Y_3(Fe, Mo)_(29) INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND
PAN Hongge; DU Honglin; CHEN Changpin; HAN Xiufeng; YANG Fuming (Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027)(State Key Laboratory for Magnetism; Institute of Physics; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080)(Institute of Chinese Atomic Energy; Beijing 102413)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 473-482.
Abstract
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The X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction patterns of Y3(Fe, Mo)29 compound have been analysed by Rietveld method. The structural relationship of the 3:29 phase with 2:17 and 1:12 phases has been studied by coordinate transformation. The results show that the 3:29 compound belongs to A2/m space group and the 3:29 compound is a kind of mixed structure of 2:17 and 1:12 structures.
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CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF A STEEL 1Cr_(11)Ni_2W_2MoV COATED WITH NaCl IN WATER VAPOR AT 500-700℃
SHU Yonghua; WANG Fuhui; ZHOU Longjiang; WU Weitao (State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection; Institute of Corrosion and Protection of Metals; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang 110015)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 483-488.
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The corrosion behavior of a steel 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV has been studied in the presence of NaCl and water vapor at 500 - 700 ℃. The results indicate that corrosion of the steel 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV was not obvious in the atmospheres without NaCl, while corrosion was severely speeded up when the atmosphere contained NaCl and water vapor. Optical microscope (OM),X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to analyse the corrosion products. The mechanism of the effect of water vapor and NaCl on corrosion of this steel was proposed.
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RAPID SOLIDIFICATION OF UNDERCOOLED Co_(85)Cu_(15) HYPOPERITECTIC ALLOY
CAO Chongde; LU Xiaoyu; WEI Bingbo (Department of Applied Physics; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 489-496.
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Co85Cu15 hypoperitectic alloy melt was undercooled by 351 K (0.21TL ) with glass fluxing technique. The hypercooling limit of this alloy was determined to be 379 K. With increasing undercooling temperature, the microstructure transformed from dendrites into equiaxed grains and was refined drastically. Significant solute trapping has taken place during the rapid solidification of highly undercooled Co85Cu15 alloy, and it resulted in the remarkable extension of solubility of Cu in Co phase and much weaker intragranular segregation. It was also revealed by X-ray diffraction that the microstructures were comprised mainly by metastable supersaturated α-Co and Cu solid solutions together with a small amount of ε-Co phase. In addition,the theoretical calculation for nucleation rate indicates that heterogeneous nucleation has still taken place at an undercooling of 351 K. Calculations of dendrite growth velocity, solubility of Cu in α-Co, partial undercoolings, and dendrite tip radius were also performed on the basis of LKT/BCT theory.
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KINETICS OF DESULPHURIZATION BY POWDER INJECTION AND BLOWING IN RH REFINING OF MOLTEN STEEL
WEI Chiho;ZHU Shoujun; YU Nengwen (Shanghai Enhanced Laboratory of Ferrous Metallurgy; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200072)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 497-505.
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The desulphurization process by powder injection and blowing in RH refining of molten steel and its mechanism have been considered and analyzed. Based on the two-resistance mass transfer theory and the mass balance of sulphur in the system, a kinetic model for the process has been developed. The ralated parameters of the model have been determined. Calculating and modelling for the process by injecting and blowing the lime based powder flux under the assumed operating modes in a RH degasser of 300 t capacity have been carried out using the model. The corresponding circulation rate and the powder injection and blowing rate were taken as 100 t/min and 150 kg/min, respectively. The initial contents of sulphur and the amounts of powder injection and blowing were respectively assumed to be 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20×10-4% (massfraction) and 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3 kg/t-steel. The total treatment time for desulphurization under each mode was set up to be 24 min that is equivalent to eight circulation cycles of liquid steel to be treated. The results indicated that the prediction made by this model is in good agreement with some data of the industrial experiments and production practice, injecting and blowing the lime-based powder flux(85%CaO+15%CaF2)of 3-5 kg/t-steel with the total treatment time of 12-20 min, it is entirely possible to make the sulphur content in molten steel decrease to the ultra-low level below (5- 10)× 10-4% from (60-80)×10-4%; intensifying the powder injection and blowing operation and increasing the circulation rate of liquid steel may effectively raise the rate of the process in RH refining.
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TEXTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF Fe-6.5%Si SHEETS PRODUCED BY THE DEPOSITIONDIFFUSION METHOD
HU Guangyong; ZUO Liang; WU Baolin; WANG Gang; LIANG Zhide (School of Materials and Metallurgy; Northeastern University; Shenyang 110006)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 506-510.
Abstract
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Fe-6.5%Si samples were prepared from cold-rolled Fe-3%Si sheets by the deposition-diffusion method. The Si concentrations of the deposited samples with and without homogenization were examined by the X-ray diffraction technique. The texture characteristics of the cold-rolled, deposited and homogenized samples were evaluated by the ODF analysis. It was shown that after deposition the typical cold-rolling textures were weakened to a large extent while the η-fiber (<001>//RD)with the maximum density at the {120}<001>component became dominated.After homogenization the {120}<001>component evolved into{130}<001>for the conventional cold-rolled samed sample with 0.9 mm thickness but it kept strongest for the cross-shear cold-rolled sample with 0.35 mm thickness.
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THE NUCLEATION OF HIGHLY UNDERCOOLED Ni-Ni_3Si ALLOY CLOSED TO EUTECTIC COMPOSITION
XI Zengzhe; YANG Gencang; LU Yili; ZHOU Yaohe (State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 511-516.
Abstract
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The micro-denucleation technique of bulk melt was applied to Ni-Ni3Si alloy system. In two composition ranges of Ni-(6.07 - 19.7)%Si and Ni-(20.5 - 22)%Si, the alloys were undercooled up to the highest undercooling of 344 and 265 K respectively. The highest undercooling could be held for 20 melting-superheating-cooling circles. The experimental results indicated that, during the solidification of the alloys with compositions closed to the eutectic composition in Ni-Ni3Si alloy system, Ni3Si was always nucleated heterogeneously ahead of α(Ni) phase. The catalytic factors f(θ) of Ni3Si and α(Ni) were 0.069 and 0.28 respectively,calculated with the experimental data and the kinetic model of heterogeneous surface nucleation.The temperature vs composition curve with the same nucleation rate for Ni3Si and α(Ni) lay on the left side of eutectic point completely, which indicated that in the undercooled melts closed to the eutectic composition the nucleation of faceted Ni3Si phase was easier than that of α(Ni)phase.
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THE PRODUCTION OF SINGLE CRYSTAL OF BINARY NiAl INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND
ZHANG Wanming; HU Zhuangqi; ZHENG Qi; YU Yang; TANG Yajun; GUAN Hengrong (Institute of Metal Research; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang 110015)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 517-520.
Abstract
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On a small directionally solidified equipment, the technique of double directional solidification with opposite direction was used to produce Ni52Al48 single crystals and the growth rates are 15, 30 and 60 mm/h respectively.
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THE IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS OF REACTION KINETICS AT THE INTERFACE OF MOLTEN Sn-S/ZnCl_2-NaCl SYSTEM
WANC Shulan; LI Guangqiang; SUI Zhitong (School of Materials and Metallurgy; Northeastern University; Shenyang 110006)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 521-525.
Abstract
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The interfacial desulphurization reaction kinetics between molten Sn-S alloy and ZnCl2-NaCl salt was studied by an AC impedance method and the impedance response of this system was given. By using Randles equivalent circuit, the kinetic factors on electrode reaction between the alloy and the salt were obtained, such as electrolyte resistance Re, double-layer capacitance Cd, charge transfer resistance Rct, rate constant of desulfurization reaction Kf and so on. When overpotential η equals to -85 mV, these values are Re=2.93×10-5 Ω.m2, Rct =2.47×10-5 Ω.m2, Cd=1.01 F/m2, Kf=2.1 × 10-3 s-1, respectively.
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THE HIGH TEMPERATURE TENSILE BEHAVIORS OF Al_(67)Ti_(25)Mn_8 INTERMETALLICS UNDER DIFFERENT STRAIN RATES
SUN Jian; FU Yunyi; SHI Rong; SUN Xiaoguang; HU Gengxiang (The Public Laboratory of State Education Commission for High Temperature Materials & High Temperature Tests; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200030)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 526-530.
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The tensile tests of Al67Ti25Mn8 intermetallic compound were performed at 1173 K and at the range of strain rates from 3.34×10-5 to 6.68× 10-4 s-1. The results show that with decreasing strain rates, the yield stress decreases and the tensile ductility increases from 2.8% to 21%. The good high temperature ductility at low strain rates is attributed to dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization during deformation. The fractured surfaces of this compound are intergranular, which suggests that the grain boundaries of this alloy are also intrinsic weak.
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STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN SITU PROCESSING α-Al_2O_3 PARTICLE REINFORCED Al-Cu ALLOY MATRIX COMPOSITES
CHEN Gang; ZHU Zhengang (Laboratory of Internal Friction and Defects in Solids; Institute of Solid State Physics; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031)SUN Guoxiong (Department of Mechanical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210018)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 531-537.
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X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope were applied to examine the specimens processed from CuO/Al powder compacts under different conditions. The influence of temperature and environment medium on the chemical reactions in CuO/Al system is studied,and it is proposed that α-Al2O3 particle reinforced Al-Cu alloy matrix composites can be processed by introducing the chemical reactions in CuO/Al system.
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PHASE COMPOSITION AND TRANSFORMATION STRESS OF PRIMARY LAMELLAR STRUCTURE IN γ-TiAl-BASED DUPLEX ALLOY DURING ISOTHERMAL DECOMPOSITION
WANG Jijie;ZONG Yaping;QIN Gaowu; HAO Shiming (School of Materials and Metallurgy; Northeastern University; Shenyang 110006)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 538-544.
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607
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During isothermal decomposition of the supersaturated α2 phase in Ti-45%Al alloy at 950℃, the volume fractions of the decomposed γ phase and the lattice parameters of both α2 and γ phases have been investigated by X-ray diffraction. The results show that α2 phase in the primary lamellar microstructure (PLMS) is a metastable phase, and its composition should be identified by the tangency point on the common tangent of metastable α2 and γ phase free-energy curves. This composition is very important in calculation of free energy of the alloy and the driving force of discontinuous coarsening (DC). There exists transformation stress inside the original α grains at the direction perpendicular to PLMS which is a compress stress of about 50 MPa and will greatly affect the microstructure of the alloy.
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CYCLIC DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF [011] MULTIPLE-SLIP-ORIENTED COPPER SINGLE CRYSTALSCyclic Stress-Strain Response
LI Xiaowu; WANG Zhongguang; SUN Shouguang; WU Shiding;LI Shouxin;LI Guangyi (State Key Laboratory for Fatigue and Fracture of Materials; Institute of Metal Research; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang 110015)(Department of Mechanical Engineering; Northern Jiaotong University; Beijing 100044)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 545-551.
Abstract
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660
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Cyclic deformation behavior of [011] multiple-slip-oriented copper single crystals was investigated with the plastic resolved shear strain amplitudes (γp1) in the range of 1.1 × 10-4 - 7.2× 10-3. It is shown that the cyclic deformation behavior of [011] copper single crystal is quite different from that of [001] and [111] multiple-slip-oriented crystals. [011] crystals exhibit rather low initial hardening rate, which does not increase notably even under higher plastic strain amplitudes. The cyclic stress-strain curve (CSSC) of [011] crystal shows a plateau region over the range of 1.1 × 10-4 - 7.2 × 10-3. The occurrence of plateau region in CSSC is mainly determined by the slip characteristics and the corresponding dislocation reactions in the crystal. Moreover,the hysteresis loop shape parameter VH could be efficiently employed to determine the nucleation stress of PSBs in [011] multiple-slip-oriented copper single crystal.
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CYCLIC DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF [011]MULTIPLE-SLIP-ORIENTED COPPER SINGLE CRYSTALS Ⅱ. Surface Slip Features and Deformation Bands
(LI Xiaowu; WANG Zhongguang; SUN Shouguang; WU Shiding; LI Shouxin;LI Guangyi (State Key Laboratory for Fatigue and Fracture of Materials; Institute of Metal Research; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang 110015)(Department of Mechanical Engineering; Northern Jiaotong University; Beijing 100044)
Acta Metall Sin, 1998,
34
(5): 552-560.
Abstract
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(4041KB) (
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Surface deformation features were investigated on [011] multiple-slip-oriented copper single crystals under different strain amplitudes. It is shown that the fatigue limit of [011]multiple-slip-oriented copper single crystal is lower than that of [001] multiple-slip-oriented copper single crystal. For γpl≥2.5×10-3, two types of deformation bands (DBI and DBII)formed on the specimen surface and their habit planes are perpendicular to each other strictly.This may be caused by the occurrence of irreversible rotation of crystal under cyclic loading. For γpl ≥5.0×10-3, another type of deformation band (DBIII) forms on the specimen surface and its habit plane is (001). The occurrence of the obvious cyclic softening processes, in cyclically deformed [011] copper single crystals with high strain amplitudes, was largely attributed to the
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