Current Research Status of Interface of Ceramic-Metal Laminated Composite Material for Armor Protection

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00051

Acta Metall Sin

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (9): 1107-1125 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00051

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Current Research Status of Interface of Ceramic-Metal Laminated Composite Material for Armor Protection

ZHAO Yuhong¹(

), JING Jianhui¹, CHEN Liwen¹, XU Fanghong², HOU Hua¹

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Stainless Steel Materials, Taiyuan Iron and Steel (Group) Co. Ltd. , Taiyuan 030003, China

Cite this article:

ZHAO Yuhong, JING Jianhui, CHEN Liwen, XU Fanghong, HOU Hua. Current Research Status of Interface of Ceramic-Metal Laminated Composite Material for Armor Protection. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(9): 1107-1125.

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Abstract

A composite material with a laminated structure can be fabricated through layer-by-layer stacking of ceramic and metal in a certain order. It has characteristics of high strength, high hardness, low density of ceramics, and strong ductility of metals; thus, it can be used for bulletproof armor materials. During bullet antipenetration, the ceramic panel is responsible for decelerating and breaking the projectile, and the metal backplate absorbs the kinetic energy of the bullet through plastic deformation, thereby forming a complete bulletproof armor system. However, there are some problems associated with laminated materials, such as the significant difference between the properties of ceramic and metal, weak interface bonding strength, and easy occurrence of tip cracks due to the increase in the internal stress of the impacted material. The ceramic-metal interface easily leads to a sudden change in material properties, and crack propagation and migration affect the properties. After being impacted, cracks first appear in the interlayer, where the interface bonding strength is still unideal, easily leading to a drop between the ceramic panel and metal backplate. In this study, the preparation and observation of interface structure, phase-field simulation of interface fracture, finite element simulation of interface impact resistance, meshless smoothed-particle hydrodynamic method for high-velocity impact and large deformation, and first-principles calculations of interface strength were reviewed. Finally, some suggestions are presented for future development: (1) Strengthening the research of ceramic toughening to enhance the matching degree between the ceramic panel and metal backplate, reducing the sudden change of ceramic to metal performance, and making the performance of ceramic-metal laminated materials more uniform is crucial. In addition, studying metal strengthening is necessary. On the premise of not damaging metal ductility, nano-phases can be added to prepare metal matrix composites for metal strengthening; (2) More multiscale research methods, such as phase-field method, finite element analysis, and first-principles calculations are needed, especially focusing on how to organically and effectively combine these methods. The complementary coupling of multiscale experimental research and computational simulation methods is a powerful tool for the interface design of ceramic-metal laminated materials in the future.

Key words: ceramic-metal laminated composite interface bonding phase field method first-principles calculation finite element analysis

Received: 29 January 2021

ZTFLH:

TB333

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074246);National Defense Basic Scientific Research Key Program of China(JCKY2020408B002);Major Science and Technology Project of Shanxi Province(20181101014)

About author: ZHAO Yuhong, professor, Tel: 15035172958, E-mail: zhaoyuhong@nuc.edu.cn

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00051 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2021/V57/I9/1107

Table 1 Properties of several common ceramics^[6]

Table 2 Properties of several common metals^[7-9]

Fig.1 Sketches of the deformation/failure sequence for a projectile impacting (V—velocity)^[16]

Fig.2 Schematic illustration of the microstructure evolution and crack propagation path of laminated Ti/Al₂O₃ composite^[37]

Fig.3 SEM images of fracture surfaces (a, b) and cross section (c, d) of (SiCp/Cu)-copper foil composites with different SiC volume fractions^[38]

Fig.4 Process drawing of surface coating technology^[52]

Fig.5 Graph of the dimensionless vertical displacement field (α—Dundurs parameter) (a) and corresponding three different situations marked A, B, and C in Fig.5a (b-d)^[82]

Fig.6 After the main crack in material #2 hits the interface (a), the crack may continue to penetrate the material #1 (b), or peel off the interface (c)^[83] (The length of the small crack a can represent the size of the defect on the material #1 and the interface, r is the distance that the crack extends through the interface into material #1, ω is the angle of the crack, θ is the angle at which the crack extends to the deflection of the material interface and ? is the penetration angle at which the crack deflection occurs when it hits the interface, σ_θθis the stress in the θ direction in polar coordinates (r, θ), σ_rθis the stress in the r direction in polar coordinates (r, θ), σ_rris the stress between the r axis and the θ axis in polar coordinates (r, θ))

Fig.7 Numerically simulated evolution of damage in targets A, B, and C subjected to projectile impact at 500 m/s (V_i—pojectile impact velocity)^[44]

Fig.8 Average pressure of ceramics under the impact path versus time (a) and ceramic pressure distribution along the thickness direction at 1 and 3 μs (b)^[95]

Fig.9 Particle distribution and Kernel function W within the support domain of particle i (x_i, x_j—positions of particles i and j, respectively; x_ij—relative distance between particles i and j; κh—radius of support domain)^[98]

Fig.10 Local atomic structures of Ag(111)/SiC(111) interface (a) and Ag(111)/TiC(111) interface (b) before and after relaxation^[135]

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