Please wait a minute...
Acta Metall Sin  2018, Vol. 54 Issue (6): 877-885    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00320
Orginal Article Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Three-Dimensional Morphologies of Abnormally Grown Goss Oriented Grains in Hi-B Steel During Secondary Recrystallization Annealing
Siqian BAO(), Bingbing LIU, Gang ZHAO, Yang XU, Shanshan KE, Xiao HU, Lei LIU
The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081,China
Cite this article: 

Siqian BAO, Bingbing LIU, Gang ZHAO, Yang XU, Shanshan KE, Xiao HU, Lei LIU. Three-Dimensional Morphologies of Abnormally Grown Goss Oriented Grains in Hi-B Steel During Secondary Recrystallization Annealing. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(6): 877-885.

Download:  HTML  PDF(6386KB) 
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract  

Grain-oriented silicon steel is mainly used as the core material in electrical transformers, and its magnetic properties are closely related to the sharpness of Goss texture ({110}<001>) formed by secondary recrystallization during high-temperature annealing. However, the mechanism of the abnormal growth of Goss oriented grains is still disputed in the literatures. It is well know that microstructure characterization is important to study the relevant mechanism and improve the properties of materials. Usually, the microstructures are characterized only using a single two-dimensional plane of polished or thin foil specimen. Much information on the morphologies is lost owing to the fact that a large part of microstructures is embedded beneath the polished surface, or removed during specimen preparation. Recently, computer-aided three-dimensional morphologies have been developed which can visualize microstructures in metals. The three-dimensional visualization promotes a better understanding of the actual information of polycrystalline materials, especially when the grain morphologies and size are required in three dimensions. In this work, the three-dimensional morphologies of abnormally grown Goss oriented grains in Hi-B steel during secondary recrystallization annealing were investigated by a combination of serial sectioning, computer-aided reconstruction and visualization, and electron back-scattered diffraction technique, then the rules and features of abnormal grown Goss oriented grains were also discussed. The results show that the abnormally grown Goss oriented grains have a pancake-shape grain structure in three-dimensional scale, and follow corresponding grain growth behavior. That is, the secondary recrystallization nuclei of the Goss oriented grains in the subsurface grow quickly into the center layer with a grain size advantage, and further extend back to the surface, then continue to grow abnormally along the plate plane direction with the help of surface energy. Finally, the dimension in the plate plane direction is much larger than that of the thickness direction. During abnormal growth of Goss oriented grains, some large-size grains will prevent Goss grains growth, and temporarily retain in the grains to become 'island' grains. On the other hand, the growth front is quite ragged because Goss oriented grains growth is blocked in some directions, showing typical anisotropic growth features, and there are three possible reasons to account for this phenomenon. One reason is that Goss oriented grains may encounter some large-size grains due to inhomogeneity of matrix grains size, and these large-size grains will block the growth. Another is that two abnormally grown Goss oriented grains which meet together may cause the stagnation of grains growth in some directions, and at the same time some matrix grains are encapsulated to form 'island' or 'peninsula' grains. Furthermore, it is also possible that there are obvious differences in grain boundary mobilities between different oriented grains and Goss oriented grains.

Key words:  Hi-B steel      secondary recrystallization      Goss oriented grain      three-dimensional morphology      EBSD     
Received:  28 July 2017     
ZTFLH:  TG142.77  
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51274155)

URL: 

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00320     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2018/V54/I6/877

Fig.1  EBSD orientation images on the sample surface during secondary recrystallization annealing after heated to 1060 ℃ (a), 1080 ℃ (b), 1100 ℃ (c) and 1040 ℃ (d) (G1~G6 represent six Goss oriented grains, respectively; D1 represents {001}<100> oriented grain; H1 represents {411}<148> oriented grain; I1 and K1 represent {111}<110> oriented grains; L1 and N1 represent {001}<110> oriented grains; A1, B1, C1, E1, F1, J1 and M1 represent other oriented grains)
Fig.2  Three-dimensional morphologies of Goss oriented grains G1 and G2 in different fields of view (ND—normal direction) (a) front view (b) rotated view
Fig.3  Three-dimensional morphologies of four large size ’island’ grains in Goss oriented grains G1 and G2(a~c) grains A1, B1 and F1 in Fig.1a, respectively (d) grain O1 in Fig.4e
Fig.4  Morphologies of Goss oriented grains G1 and G2 polished to 1st (a), 10th (b), 35th (c), 45th (d), 65th (e), 95th (f), 120th (g) and 160th (h) layer
Grain No. L (RD) / μm W (TD) / μm H (ND) / μm LWH
G1 & G2 688.34 691.74 300.00 1∶1∶0.44
G3 487.27 450.82 300.00 1∶0.93∶0.62
G4 915.23 780.58 300.00 1∶0.85∶0.33
G5 1675.85 1034.05 300.00 1∶0.62∶0.18
G6 1940.25 1817.07 300.00 1∶0.94∶0.15
A1 476.60 300.83 300.00 1∶0.63∶0.63
B1 256.74 184.47 180.40 1∶0.72∶0.7
F1 165.96 161.77 157.22 1∶0.97∶0.95
O1 145.68 120.98 136.80 1∶0.83∶0.94
Table 1  Geometric dimensions of equivalent rectangular of Goss oriented grains G1~G6 and four large size 'island' grains
Fig.5  Three-dimensional morphologies of Goss oriented grains G3 (a), G4 (b), G5 (c) and G6 (d) in Fig.1
(The selected fields of view in G3 and G6 are slightly different from those shown in Fig.1)
[1] He Z Z, Zhao Y, Luo H W.Electrical Steel [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2012: 102(何忠治, 赵宇, 罗海文. 电工钢[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2012: 102)
[2] Dunn C G, Lionetti F.The effect of orientation difference on grain boundary energies[J]. Trans. AIME, 1949, 185: 125
[3] Dunn C G, Daniels F W, Bolton M J.Measurement of relative interface energies in twin related crystals[J]. Trans. AIME, 1950, 188: 368
[4] Hillert M.On the theory of normal and abnormal grain growth[J]. Acta Metall., 1965, 13: 227
[5] Shimizu R, Harase J.Coincidence grain boundary and texture evolution in Fe-3%Si[J]. Acta Metall., 1989, 37: 1241
[6] Harase J, Shimizu R.Distribution of {100}<001> oriented grains in the primary recrystallized 3%Si-Fe alloy[J]. Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1988, 29: 388
[7] Harase J, Shimizu R, Dingley D J.Texture evolution in the presence of precipitates in Fe-3%Si alloy[J]. Acta Metall. Mater., 1991, 39: 763
[8] Hayakawa Y, Szpunar J A.The role of grain boundary character distribution in secondary recrystallization of electrical steels[J]. Acta Mater., 1997, 45: 1285
[9] Rajmohan N, Szpunar J A, Hayakawa Y.A role of fractions of mobile grain boundaries in secondary recrystallization of Fe-Si steels[J]. Acta Mater., 1999, 47: 2999
[10] Komatsubara M, Hayakawa Y, Takamiya T, et al. Newly developed grain-oriented Si-steel with thinner gauges[J]. J. Phys. IV France, 1998, 8(PR2): Pr2-467
[11] Park H, Kim D Y, Hwang N M, et al.Microstructural evidence of abnormal grain growth by solid-state wetting in Fe-3%Si steel[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2004, 95: 5515
[12] Lee D K, Ko K J, Lee B J, et al.Monte Carlo simulations of abnormal grain growth by sub-boundary-enhanced solid-state wetting[J]. Scr. Mater., 2008, 58: 683
[13] Ko K J, Park J T, Kim J K, et al.Morphological evidence that Goss abnormally growing grains grow by triple junction wetting during secondary recrystallization of Fe-3%Si steel[J]. Scr. Mater., 2008, 59: 764
[14] Fan X M, Lin Y, Huang J W, et al.The three-dimensional morphology reconstruction of boride layer on armco iron based on serial sectioning[J]. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2013, 21(6): 17(樊新民, 林银, 黄洁雯等. 基于系列磨片的纯铁渗硼层形貌三维重建[J]. 材料科学与工艺, 2013, 21(6): 17)
[15] Morito S, Edamatsu Y, Ichinotani K, et al.Quantitative analysis of three-dimensional morphology of martensite packets and blocks in iron-carbon-manganese steels[J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2013, 577(suppl.1): S587
[16] Wu K M, Enomoto M.Three-dimensional analysis of degenerate ferrite in an Fe-C-Mo alloy[J]. Chin. J. Stereol. Image Anal., 2004, 9: 134(吴开明, Enomoto M.Fe-C-Mo合金中退化铁素体的三维分析[J]. 中国体视学与图像分析, 2004, 9: 134)
[17] Wu K M.3-D morphology observation of degenerate ferrite in steel Fe-0.28C-3.0Mo using serial sectioning and computer-aided reconstruction[J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2005, 41: 1237(吴开明. 连续截面和计算机辅助重建法观察Fe-0.28C-3.0Mo合金钢退化铁素体的三维形貌[J]. 金属学报, 2005, 41: 1237)
[18] Li Y, Xu L, Li S M, et al.Three-dimensional microstructure morphology of ZL102 Al-Si alloy[J]. Foundry, 2015, 64: 814(李英, 徐磊, 李双明等. ZL102铝硅合金的三维显微组织形态研究[J]. 铸造, 2015, 64: 814)
[19] Luan J H, Liu G Q, Wang H.Three-dimensional reconstruction of grains in pure iron specimen[J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2011, 47: 69(栾军华, 刘国权, 王浩. 纯Fe试样中晶粒的三维可视化重建[J]. 金属学报, 2011, 47: 69)
[20] Bao S Q, Xu Y, Zhao G, et al.Microstructure, texture and precipitates of grain-oriented silicon steel produced by thin slab casting and rolling process[J]. J. Iron Steel Res., Int., 2017, 24: 91
[21] Huang X B, Bao S Q, Zhao G, et al.Primary recrystallization kinetics and texture evolution during annealing of low temperature grain-oriented silicon steel[J]. J. Iron Steel Res., 2017, 29: 577(黄祥斌, 鲍思前, 赵刚等. 低温取向硅钢初次再结晶动力学模型及织构演变[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2017, 29: 577)
[22] Xu Y, Bao S Q, Zhao G, et al.Three-dimensional morphologies of different oriented grains in Hi-B steel formed during early stage of secondary recrystallization annealing[J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2017, 53: 539(徐洋, 鲍思前, 赵刚等. Hi-B钢二次再结晶退火初期不同取向晶粒的三维形貌表征[J]. 金属学报, 2017, 53: 539)
[23] Shirdel M, Mirzadeh H, Parsa M H.Abnormal grain growth in AISI 304L stainless steel[J]. Mater. Charact., 2014, 97: 11
[24] Chen N, Zaefferer S, Lahn L, et al.Effects of topology on abnormal grain growth in silicon steel[J]. Acta Mater., 2003, 51: 1755
[25] Hwang N M.Simulation of the effect of anisotropic grain boundary mobility and energy on abnormal grain growth[J]. J. Mater. Sci., 1998, 33: 5625
[26] Yan M Q, Qian H, Yang P, et al.Analysis of micro-texture during secondary recrystallization in a Hi-B electrical steel[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2011, 27: 1065
[1] ZHAO Yafeng, LIU Sujie, CHEN Yun, MA Hui, MA Guangcai, GUO Yi. Critical Inclusion Size and Void Growth in Dual-Phase Ferrite-Bainite Steel During Ductile Fracture[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(5): 611-622.
[2] ZHOU Hongwei, GAO Jianbing, SHEN Jiaming, ZHAO Wei, BAI Fengmei, HE Yizhu. Twin Boundary Evolution Under Low-Cycle Fatigue of C-HRA-5 Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steel at High Temperature[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(8): 1013-1023.
[3] WANG Jinliang, WANG Chenchong, HUANG Minghao, HU Jun, XU Wei. The Effects and Mechanisms of Pre-Deformation with Low Strain on Temperature-Induced Martensitic Transformation[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(5): 575-585.
[4] XU Zhanyi, SHA Yuhui, ZHANG Fang, ZHANG Huabing, LI Guobao, CHU Shuangjie, ZUO Liang. Orientation Selection Behavior During Secondary Recrystallization in Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(8): 1067-1074.
[5] WU Xiang,ZUO Xiurong,ZHAO Weiwei,WANG Zhongyang. Mechanism of TiN Fracture During the Tensile Process of NM500 Wear-Resistant Steel[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(2): 129-136.
[6] Yan YANG, Guangyu YANG, Shifeng LUO, Lei XIAO, Wanqi JIE. Microstructures and Growth Orientation of Directionally Solidification Mg-14.61Gd Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(2): 202-212.
[7] Baogang WANG, Hongliang YI, Guodong WANG, Zhichao LUO, Mingxin HUANG. Reconstruction of 3D Morphology of TiB2 in In Situ Fe Matrix Composites[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(1): 133-140.
[8] Yanyu LIU, Pingli MAO, Zheng LIU, Feng WANG, Zhi WANG. Theoretical Calculation of Schmid Factor and Its Application Under High Strain Rate Deformation in Magnesium Alloys[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(6): 950-958.
[9] Tingguang LIU, Shuang XIA, Qin BAI, Bangxin ZHOU. Morphological Characteristics and Size Distributions of Three-Dimensional Grains and Grain Boundaries in 316L Stainless Steel[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(6): 868-876.
[10] Yang XU,Siqian BAO,Gang ZHAO,Xiangbin HUANG,Rusheng HUANG,Bingbing LIU,Nana SONG. Three-Dimensional Morphologies of Different Oriented Grains in Hi-B Steel Formed During Early Stage of Secondary Recrystallization Annealing[J]. 金属学报, 2017, 53(5): 539-548.
[11] Lina WANG,Ping YANG,Weimin MAO. ANALYSIS OF MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONDURING TENSION OF HIGH MANGANESETRIP STEEL AT HIGH STRAIN RATES[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(9): 1045-1052.
[12] Yue HE,Song XIANG,Wei SHI,Jianmin LIU,Yu LIANG,Chaoyi CHEN. EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION ON THE PITTING CORROSION OF COLD DRAWING PEARLITIC STEELS[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(12): 1536-1544.
[13] Gongtao LIU,Ping YANG,Weimin MAO. EFFECT OF FINAL ANNEALING ATMOSPHERE ON SECONDARY RECRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR IN THIN GAUGE MEDIUM TEMPERATURE GRAIN ORIENTED SILICON STEEL[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(1): 25-32.
[14] Bingshu WANG,Liping DENG,Adrien CHAPUIS,Ning GUO,Qiang LI. STUDY OF TWINNING BEHAVIOR OF AZ31 Mg ALLOY DURING PLANE STRAIN COMPRESSION[J]. 金属学报, 2015, 51(12): 1441-1448.
[15] DAI Qilei, LIANG Zhifang, WU Jianjun, MENG Lichun, SHI Qingyu. MICROSTRUCTURE CHANGE AND ENERGY RELEASE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED Al-Mg-Si ALLOY DURING DSC TEST[J]. 金属学报, 2014, 50(5): 587-593.
No Suggested Reading articles found!