超高强不锈钢微丝表征技术：进展与展望

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00418

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (7): 1189-1206 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00418

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

超高强不锈钢微丝表征技术：进展与展望

杨何¹^,², 侯自勇¹^,²^,³(

), 胡兴益¹, 程金骏¹, 王亚茹¹, 范国华⁴(

), 黄晓旭²^,³(

)

1 重庆大学教育部轻合金材料国际合作联合实验室重庆 400044
2 重庆大学高端装备机械传动全国重点实验室重庆 400044
3 重庆大学前沿交叉学科研究院重庆 400044
4 南京工业大学先进轻质高性能材料研究中心南京 211816

Research Progress and Trends in Characterization Techniques for Ultra-High-Strength and Ultra-Fine Stainless Steel Wires: A Perspective Review

YANG He¹^,², HOU Ziyong¹^,²^,³(

), HU Xingyi¹, CHENG Jinjun¹, WANG Yaru¹, FAN Guohua⁴(

), HUANG Xiaoxu²^,³(

)

1 International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
3 Institute of Frontier Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
4 Research Center for Light High-performance Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China

引用本文:

杨何, 侯自勇, 胡兴益, 程金骏, 王亚茹, 范国华, 黄晓旭. 超高强不锈钢微丝表征技术：进展与展望[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(7): 1189-1206.
He YANG, Ziyong HOU, Xingyi HU, Jinjun CHENG, Yaru WANG, Guohua FAN, Xiaoxu HUANG. Research Progress and Trends in Characterization Techniques for Ultra-High-Strength and Ultra-Fine Stainless Steel Wires: A Perspective Review[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(7): 1189-1206.

全文: PDF(3918 KB) HTML

摘要:

超高强度(≥ 3.0 GPa)、超细丝径(≤ 16 μm)不锈钢微丝是制备太阳能光伏电池丝网印刷的关键材料，其国产化是突破光伏产业关键瓶颈的重要方向。目前，抗拉强度≥ 3.5 GPa、丝径≤ 11 μm的不锈钢微丝技术主要由日本、德国等国垄断，是我国光伏产业自主化的“卡脖子”难题。超细丝径微丝具有极大应变和极小尺寸的特征，呈现三维层状结构及异构组织。二维表征技术难以全面反映其微观组织演变规律，且目前缺乏成熟的三维表征技术和标准，制约了微丝的国产化进程。本文围绕金属丝材的表征技术体系，从微观组织、力学性能及服役表现三个层面，综述微丝表征方法的研究进展和局限，并对多尺度、三维原位表征技术的应用进行展望，以期为超高强微丝的性能优化和国产化替代提供技术支撑。

关键词 ：微丝, 表征技术, 微观组织, 力学性能, 服役表现, 三维透射取向成像技术

Abstract：

Ultra-high-strength (≥ 3 GPa) and ultra-fine (diameter ≤ 16 μm) stainless steel wires are critical components in solar photovoltaic manufacturing, yet their domestic production poses distinct technical challenges. Countries such as Japan and Germany currently dominate this field, having developed the capability to manufacture wires with tensile strengths of ≥ 3.5 GPa and diameters of ≤ 11 μm. Localizing ultra-high-strength and ultra-fine stainless steel wire technology has therefore become an urgent priority. The extreme true strain and fine diameter attained through cold drawing produce a complex three-dimensional lamellar and heterogeneous microstructure that conventional two-dimensional characterization techniques cannot fully capture. Moreover, the absence of systematic three-dimensional characterization methodologies and standards further impedes localization efforts. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the characterization techniques currently employed for ultra-fine metallic wires and critically evaluates existing approaches for analyzing microstructure, mechanical properties, and performance, along with their respective limitations and strengths. The study also identifies opportunities for developing multiscale, three-dimensional in situ characterization techniques that would provide essential technical support and a theoretical foundation for optimizing wire performance and advancing localization.

Key words： ultra-fine wire characterization technique microstructure mechanical property performance three-dimensional orientation mapping in TEM

收稿日期: 2025-12-23

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFB3713703)

通讯作者: 侯自勇，houzy@cqu.edu.cn，主要从事先进钢铁材料研究；
范国华，ghfan@njtech.edu.cn，主要从事先进轻合金材料研究；
黄晓旭，xiaoxuhuang@cqu.edu.cn，主要从事电子显微镜与强韧化机理研究

作者简介: 杨何，男，1999年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00418 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I7/1189

表1 用于不同丝径金属丝材相变行为研究的样品及表征手段[7,9,24,26,29~32]

图1 金属丝及微丝相变行为研究样品的制备方法

图2 金属丝中夹杂物和析出相的表征[9,13,24,26,29,32,38,47,48,53~56]及3DAPT样品制备流程[38]

图3 不同材料中位错的模拟[65]和TEM表征[46,75,76,81]

图4 金属丝及微丝中晶粒尺寸的表征[9,21,92]及取样位置示意图

图5 金属丝及微丝的晶界表征及示意图[17,32,46,72]

图6 金属丝及微丝中的织构分析[14,15,20,29,45,69,71,90,96,102,111~116]

表2 金属丝及微丝力学性能测试方法及结果[18,21,56,61,63,96,98,117~121]

图7 微丝的三维晶体取向重构表征[166,168]

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