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金属学报  2016, Vol. 52 Issue (8): 923-930    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00581
  论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
微结构和应力比对Ti-6Al-4V高周和超高周疲劳行为的影响*
刘小龙1,孙成奇1,周砚田2,洪友士1()
1 中国科学院力学研究所非线性力学国家重点实验室, 北京100190 。
2 瓦房店轴承股份有限公司热处理分厂, 大连 116300
EFFECTS OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND STRESS RATIO ON HIGH-CYCLE AND VERY-HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY
Xiaolong LIU1,Chengqi SUN1,Yantian ZHOU2,Youshi HONG1()
1 State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 。
2 Heat Treatment Plant, Wafangdian Bearing Co. Ltd., Dalian 116300, China
引用本文:

刘小龙,孙成奇,周砚田,洪友士. 微结构和应力比对Ti-6Al-4V高周和超高周疲劳行为的影响*[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(8): 923-930.
Xiaolong LIU, Chengqi SUN, Yantian ZHOU, Youshi HONG. EFFECTS OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND STRESS RATIO ON HIGH-CYCLE AND VERY-HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2016, 52(8): 923-930.

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摘要: 

采用旋转弯曲和超声疲劳实验分别测试了全等轴和等轴双态组织Ti-6Al-4V合金的高周和超高周疲劳性能, 并用SEM观察了疲劳断口特征. 结果表明: 2种组织Ti-6Al-4V合金的高周和超高周疲劳行为相似, 不同应力比下, 其S-N曲线均表现出单线形或双线形的形式; 存在滑移机制和解理机制2种疲劳破坏机制. 随应力比增加, 2种组织Ti-6Al-4V合金的高周和超高周疲劳破坏机制均从滑移机制向解理机制转变. 基于疲劳寿命和疲劳强度建立模型分析了应力比对2种机制之间竞争行为的影响, 模型预测结果与实验结果趋势吻合.

关键词 Ti-6Al-4V合金超高周疲劳微结构应力比滑移机制解理机制    
Abstract

Titanium alloys have been widely used as superior engineering materials because of their high specific strength, high temperature resistance and high corrosion resistance. In their engineering applications such as used in aircraft engines, titanium alloys may experience even 1010 fatigue cycles. Recently, faceted crack initiation was observed in high-cycle fatigue (HCF) and very-high-cycle fatigue (VHCF) regimes of titanium alloys, which resulted in a sharp decrease in fatigue strength. Therefore, the HCF and VHCF of titanium alloys have both scientific significance and engineering requirement. In this work, the effects of microstructure and stress ratio (R) on HCF and VHCF of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy have been investigated. Fatigue tests were conducted on a rotating-bending fatigue machine and an ultrasonic fatigue machine. All the fatigue fracture surfaces were observed by SEM. The results show that the HCF and VHCF behaviors of the fully-equiaxed and the bimodal Ti-6Al-4V alloy are similar. The observations of fracture surface indicate that two crack initiation mechanisms prevail, i.e. slip mechanism and cleavage mechanism. With the increase of stress ratio, the crack initiation mechanism switches from slip to cleavage. The S-N curves present the single-line type or the bilinear type. For the cases of rotating-bending and ultrasonic axial cycling with R= -1.0, -0.5 and 0.5, the S-N curves are single-line type corresponding to the slip mechanism or cleavage mechanism. For the cases of R= -0.1 and 0.1, the S-N curves are bilinear type corresponding to both slip and cleavage mechanisms. A model based on fatigue life and fatigue limit is proposed to describe the competition between the two mechanisms, which is in agreement with the experimental results.

Key wordsTi-6Al-4V alloy    very-high-cycle fatigue    microstructure    stress ratio    slip mechanism    cleavage mechanism
收稿日期: 2015-11-12     
基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目11202210和11572325资助
图1  疲劳试样形状和尺寸示意图
图2  经退火和固溶时效热处理的2种Ti-6Al-4V合金的SEM像
图3  经退火和固溶时效热处理的2种Ti-6Al-4V合金的EBSD结果
图4  滑移机制的疲劳断口
图5  解理机制的疲劳断口
图6  内部裂纹萌生区域示意图和原子力显微镜表征的形貌
图7  解理面的形貌及EDS分析
图8  Facet和初生α相晶粒尺寸分布
图9  旋转弯曲加载下Ti-6Al-4V合金的S-N曲线
图10  轴向加载下Ti-6Al-4V合金的S-N曲线
图11  不同应力比下lgD*与应力幅的关系
图12  滑移机制和解理机制竞争示意图
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