Please wait a minute...
Acta Metall Sin  2017, Vol. 53 Issue (5): 539-548    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00494
Orginal Article Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Three-Dimensional Morphologies of Different Oriented Grains in Hi-B Steel Formed During Early Stage of Secondary Recrystallization Annealing
Yang XU,Siqian BAO(),Gang ZHAO,Xiangbin HUANG,Rusheng HUANG,Bingbing LIU,Nana SONG
The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Cite this article: 

Yang XU,Siqian BAO,Gang ZHAO,Xiangbin HUANG,Rusheng HUANG,Bingbing LIU,Nana SONG. Three-Dimensional Morphologies of Different Oriented Grains in Hi-B Steel Formed During Early Stage of Secondary Recrystallization Annealing. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(5): 539-548.

Download:  HTML  PDF(6859KB) 
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract  

Microstructure and texture evolution of Hi-B steel have been extensively studied in the past decades, and the microstructures are ordinarily characterized only using a single two-dimensional plane of polished or thin foil specimen. Much information on the morphologies is lost owing to the fact that a large part of microstructure is embedded beneath the polished surface, or removed during specimen preparation. Recently, computer-aided three-dimensional morphologies have been developed which can visualize microstructure in metals. The three-dimensional visualization promotes a better understanding of the actual information of polycrystalline materials, especially when the grain morphologies and size were required in three dimensions. In this work, three-dimensional morphologies of different oriented grains which include Goss, brass, {411}<148> and {111}<112> oriented grains in Hi-B steel formed during early stage of secondary recrystallization annealing were investigated by a combination of serial sectioning, computer-aided reconstruction and visualization, and electron back-scattered diffraction technique, and then the growth behavior of Goss oriented grains before abnormal growth was discussed. The results show that Goss oriented grains mainly exhibit pagoda shape, brass oriented grains are similar to inverted taper shape, which the grain sizes reduce gradually from the surface of the sample to the internal along normal direction, and {411}<148> oriented grains also exhibit pagoda shape and inverted taper shape. However, the morphologies of {111}<112> oriented grains show irregular shape. Compared with other oriented grains, Goss oriented grains have no size advantages on three-dimensional scale, and the growth of Goss oriented grains is mainly controlled by curvature before they grow up abnormally.

Key words:  Hi-B steel      Goss oriented grain      secondary recrystallization      three-dimensional morphology      EBSD     
Received:  07 November 2016     
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51274155)

URL: 

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00494     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2017/V53/I5/539

Fig.1  Schematic of the alignment of images and marking of object crystals
Fig.2  Schematic of geometric dimensions of equivalent cuboid
Fig.3  EBSD orientation images of different oriented grains formed during early stage of secondary recrystallization annealing after heated to 950 ℃ (a), 1000 ℃ (b), 1010 ℃ (c) and 1020 ℃ (d) (RD—rolling direction, TD—transverse direction; G1~G8 represent eight Goss oriented grains, respectively; B1~B5 represent five brass oriented grains, respectively; L1~L5 represent five {111}<112> oriented grains, respectively; T1~T8 represent eight {411}<148> oriented grains, respectively)
Fig.4  Three-dimensional morphologies of G1~G8 (a~h) grains in Fig.3 (ND—normal direction)
Fig.5  Morphologies of G3 grain polished to 15 (a), 23 (b), 31 (c) and 39 (d) layers, respectively(The arrows indicate G3 grains in different layers)
Grain No. L (RD) / μm W (TD) / μm H (ND) / μm LWH
G1 102.60 102.89 93.96 1∶1∶0.92
G2 195.46 170.28 131.10 1∶0.87∶0.67
G3 142.38 160.40 137.70 1∶1.13∶0.97
G4 87.50 60.56 84.01 1∶0.69∶0.96
G5 114.95 130.50 111.30 1∶1.14∶0.97
G6 90.87 85.52 91.13 1∶0.94∶1
G7 103.66 119.92 91.35 1∶1.16∶0.88
G8 74.80 72.60 70.02 1∶0.97∶0.94
Table 1  Geometric dimensions of equivalent cuboid of G1~G8 grains in Fig.3
Fig.6  Three-dimensional morphologies of B1~B5 (a~e) grains in Fig.3
Fig.7  Morphologies of B4 grain polished to 8 (a), 16 (b), 24 (c) and 32 (d) layers, respectively (The arrows indicate B4 grains in different layers; "G2" indicates big {110}<001> oriented grain below the B2 grain)
Grain No. L (RD) / μm W (TD) / μm H (ND) / μm LWH
B1 102.77 86.60 51.23 1∶0.84∶0.5
B2 76.83 68.13 77.30 1∶0.89∶1
B3 154.94 113.41 65.36 1∶0.73∶0.42
B4 215.78 110.36 64.00 1∶0.51∶0.3
B5 71.03 66.62 77.30 1∶0.94∶1.08
Table 2  Geometric dimensions of equivalent cuboid of B1~B5 grains in Fig.3
Fig.8  Three-dimensional morphologies of L1~L5 (a~e) grains in Fig.3
Fig.9  Morphologies of L4 grain polished to 18 (a), 30 (b), 42 (c), 54 (d), 66 (e) layers, respectively (The arrows indicate L4 grains in different layers; "1" indicates big {112}<110> oriented grain below L4 grain; "2" indicates small grain at the bottom left corner of L4 grain; "3" indicates emerging grain at the corner of L4 grain)
Grain No. L (RD) / μm W (TD) / μm H (ND) / μm LWH
L1 121.66 128.66 110.77 1∶1.06∶0.91
L2 102.19 129.06 108.79 1∶1.26∶1.06
L3 166.95 209.40 163.40 1∶1.25∶0.98
L4 108.99 114.76 137.55 1∶1.05∶1.26
L5 79.73 66.32 78.10 1∶0.83∶0.98
Table 3  Geometric dimensions of equivalent cuboid of L1~L5 grains in Fig.3
Fig.10  Three-dimensional morphologies of T1~T8 (a~h) grains in Fig.3
Grain No. L (RD) / μm W (TD) / μm H (ND) / μm LWH
T1 105.82 97.30 44.60 1∶0.92∶0.42
T2 174.79 128.21 105.93 1∶0.73∶0.61
T3 130.89 108.47 70.65 1∶0.83∶0.54
T4 117.18 103.08 79.97 1∶0.88∶0.68
T5 92.49 90.13 93.10 1∶0.97∶1
T6 109.33 105.44 105.72 1∶0.96∶0.96
T7 101.18 110.19 80.50 1∶1.09∶0.8
T8 118.90 122.84 156.50 1∶1.03∶1.32
Table 4  Geometric dimensions of equivalent cuboid of T1~T8 grains in Fig.3
[1] Goss N P.Electrical sheet and method and apparatus for its manufacture and test [P]. US Pat., 1965559, 1934
[2] Littmann M F, Heek J E.Process of increasing the permeability of oriented silicon steels [P]. US Pat., 2599340, 1952
[3] Littmann M F.Structures and magnetic properties of grain-oriented 3.2% silicon-iron[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1967, 38: 1104
[4] Hillert M.On the theory of normal and abnormal grain growth[J]. Acta Metall., 1965, 13: 227
[5] Harase J, Shimizu R.Distribution of {100}<001> oriented grains in the primary recrystallized 3%Si-Fe alloy[J]. Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1988, 29: 388
[6] Shimizu R, Harase J.Coincidence grain boundary and texture evolution in Fe-3%Si[J]. Acta Metall., 1989, 37: 1241
[7] Hayakawa Y, Szpunar J A, Palumbo G, et al.The role of grain boundary character distribution in Goss texture development in electrical steels[J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1996, 160: 143
[8] Rajmohan N, Szpunar J A.An analytical method for characterizing grain boundaries around growing Goss grains during secondary recrystallization[J]. Scr. Mater., 2001, 44: 2387
[9] Hayakawa Y, Kurosawa M.Orientation relationship between primary and secondary recrystallized texture in electrical steel[J]. Acta Mater., 2002, 50: 4527
[10] Park H, Kim D Y, Hwang N M, et al.Microstructural evidence of abnormal grain growth by solid-state wetting in Fe-3%Si steel[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2004, 95: 5515
[11] Wu K M, Enomoto M.Three-dimensional analysis of degenerate ferrite in an Fe-C-Mo alloy[J]. Chin. J. Stereol. Image Anal., 2004, 9: 134
[11] (吴开明, Enomoto M.Fe-C-Mo合金中退化铁素体的三维分析[J]. 中国体视学与图像分析, 2004, 9: 134)
[12] Wu K M.3-D morphology observation of degenerate ferrite in steel Fe-0.28C-3.0Mo using serial sectioning and computer-aided reconstruction[J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2005, 41: 1237
[12] (吴开明. 连续截面和计算机辅助重建法观察Fe-0.28C-3.0Mo合金钢退化铁素体的三维形貌[J]. 金属学报, 2005, 41: 1237)
[13] Luan J H, Liu G Q, Wang H.Three-dimensional reconstruction of grains in pure iron specimen[J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2011, 47: 69
[13] (栾军华, 刘国权, 王浩. 纯Fe试样中晶粒的三维可视化重建[J]. 金属学报, 2011, 47: 69)
[14] Zhang Q.Curvature-driven grain growth by cellular automaton simulation in isothermal process [D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2012
[14] (张倩. 等温过程曲率驱动晶粒长大的元胞自动机模拟 [D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2012)
[15] He Z Z, Zhao Y, Luo H W.Electrical Steel [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2012: 102
[15] (何忠治, 赵宇, 罗海文. 电工钢[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2012: 102)
[16] Gottstein G, Molodov D A, Shvindlerman L S.Grain boundary migration in metals: Recent developments[J]. Interf. Sci., 1998, 6: 7
[17] Burke J E, Turnbull D.Recrystallization and grain growth[J]. Prog. Metal Phys., 1952, 3: 220
[18] Lin P, Palumbo G, Harase J, et al.Coincidence site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries and Goss texture development in Fe-3%Si alloy[J]. Acta Mater., 1996, 44: 4677
[19] Takamiya T, Kurosawa M, Komatsubara M. Effect of hydrogen content in the final annealing atmosphere on secondary recrystallization of grain-oriented Si steel [J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2003, 254-255: 334
[20] Yan M Q, Qian H, Yang P, et al.Analysis of micro-texture during secondary recrystallization in a Hi-B electrical steel[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2011, 27: 1065
[21] Wang H, Luo L J, Wang J A.Formation and growth of cubic grains during rolling-annealing process in Fe-3.2%Si alloy[J]. Trans. Mater. Heat Treat., 2012, 33(5): 70
[21] (王辉, 骆靓鉴, 王均安. 铁硅合金轧制-退火过程中立方取向晶粒的形核与长大[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2012, 33(5): 70)
[22] Zhou B X.Issues concerning the formation of cube texture of silicon-iron alloy[J]. Baosteel Technol., 2000, (5): 52
[22] (周邦新. 铁硅合金中形成立方织构的有关问题[J]. 宝钢技术, 2000, (5): 52)
[23] Park H K, Park C S, Na T W, et al.Irregular or smooth grain boundaries evolved after secondary recyrstallization of Fe-3%Si steel[J]. Mater. Trans., 2012, 53: 658
[24] Park J Y, Szpunar J A. Influence of the primary recrystallization texture on abnormal grain growth of Goss grains in grain oriented electrical steels [J]. Mater. Sci. Forum, 2002, 408-412: 821
[25] Nakashima S, Takashima K, Harase J.Effect of silicon content on secondary recrystallization in grain-oriented electrical steel produced by single-stage cold rolling process[J]. ISIJ Int., 1991, 31: 1007
[26] Jiang S H, Mao W M, Yang P, et al.Recrystallization behavior of warm rolled Fe-6.5%Si alloy sheet[J]. J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing, 2014, 36: 1643
[26] (蒋虽合, 毛卫民, 杨平等. Fe-6.5%Si合金温轧后退火过程中再结晶行为[J]. 北京科技大学学报, 2014, 36: 1643)
[27] Liu Z Q, Yang P, Mao W M, et al.Effect of {114}<418> texture on abnormal growth during secondary recrystallization in grain-oriented steel[J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2015, 51: 769
[27] (刘志桥, 杨平, 毛卫民等. 取向硅钢中{114}<418>织构对二次再结晶时晶粒异常长大的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2015, 51: 769)
[1] ZHAO Yafeng, LIU Sujie, CHEN Yun, MA Hui, MA Guangcai, GUO Yi. Critical Inclusion Size and Void Growth in Dual-Phase Ferrite-Bainite Steel During Ductile Fracture[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(5): 611-622.
[2] ZHOU Hongwei, GAO Jianbing, SHEN Jiaming, ZHAO Wei, BAI Fengmei, HE Yizhu. Twin Boundary Evolution Under Low-Cycle Fatigue of C-HRA-5 Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steel at High Temperature[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(8): 1013-1023.
[3] WANG Jinliang, WANG Chenchong, HUANG Minghao, HU Jun, XU Wei. The Effects and Mechanisms of Pre-Deformation with Low Strain on Temperature-Induced Martensitic Transformation[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(5): 575-585.
[4] XU Zhanyi, SHA Yuhui, ZHANG Fang, ZHANG Huabing, LI Guobao, CHU Shuangjie, ZUO Liang. Orientation Selection Behavior During Secondary Recrystallization in Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(8): 1067-1074.
[5] WU Xiang,ZUO Xiurong,ZHAO Weiwei,WANG Zhongyang. Mechanism of TiN Fracture During the Tensile Process of NM500 Wear-Resistant Steel[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(2): 129-136.
[6] Yan YANG, Guangyu YANG, Shifeng LUO, Lei XIAO, Wanqi JIE. Microstructures and Growth Orientation of Directionally Solidification Mg-14.61Gd Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(2): 202-212.
[7] Baogang WANG, Hongliang YI, Guodong WANG, Zhichao LUO, Mingxin HUANG. Reconstruction of 3D Morphology of TiB2 in In Situ Fe Matrix Composites[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(1): 133-140.
[8] Yanyu LIU, Pingli MAO, Zheng LIU, Feng WANG, Zhi WANG. Theoretical Calculation of Schmid Factor and Its Application Under High Strain Rate Deformation in Magnesium Alloys[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(6): 950-958.
[9] Tingguang LIU, Shuang XIA, Qin BAI, Bangxin ZHOU. Morphological Characteristics and Size Distributions of Three-Dimensional Grains and Grain Boundaries in 316L Stainless Steel[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(6): 868-876.
[10] Siqian BAO, Bingbing LIU, Gang ZHAO, Yang XU, Shanshan KE, Xiao HU, Lei LIU. Three-Dimensional Morphologies of Abnormally Grown Goss Oriented Grains in Hi-B Steel During Secondary Recrystallization Annealing[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(6): 877-885.
[11] Lina WANG,Ping YANG,Weimin MAO. ANALYSIS OF MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONDURING TENSION OF HIGH MANGANESETRIP STEEL AT HIGH STRAIN RATES[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(9): 1045-1052.
[12] Yue HE,Song XIANG,Wei SHI,Jianmin LIU,Yu LIANG,Chaoyi CHEN. EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION ON THE PITTING CORROSION OF COLD DRAWING PEARLITIC STEELS[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(12): 1536-1544.
[13] Gongtao LIU,Ping YANG,Weimin MAO. EFFECT OF FINAL ANNEALING ATMOSPHERE ON SECONDARY RECRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR IN THIN GAUGE MEDIUM TEMPERATURE GRAIN ORIENTED SILICON STEEL[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(1): 25-32.
[14] Bingshu WANG,Liping DENG,Adrien CHAPUIS,Ning GUO,Qiang LI. STUDY OF TWINNING BEHAVIOR OF AZ31 Mg ALLOY DURING PLANE STRAIN COMPRESSION[J]. 金属学报, 2015, 51(12): 1441-1448.
[15] DAI Qilei, LIANG Zhifang, WU Jianjun, MENG Lichun, SHI Qingyu. MICROSTRUCTURE CHANGE AND ENERGY RELEASE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED Al-Mg-Si ALLOY DURING DSC TEST[J]. 金属学报, 2014, 50(5): 587-593.
No Suggested Reading articles found!