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Acta Metall Sin  2016, Vol. 52 Issue (5): 575-582    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00520
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EFFECT OF A HIGH STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD ON MICROSEGREGATION OF DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED Al-4.5Cu ALLOY
Hua ZHONG,Chuanjun LI,Jiang WANG,Zhongming REN(),Yunbo ZHONG,Weidong XUAN
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Hua ZHONG,Chuanjun LI,Jiang WANG,Zhongming REN,Yunbo ZHONG,Weidong XUAN. EFFECT OF A HIGH STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD ON MICROSEGREGATION OF DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED Al-4.5Cu ALLOY. Acta Metall Sin, 2016, 52(5): 575-582.

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Abstract  

Microsegregation is the unbalanced distribution of alloying element between solid and liquid phases in dendritic scale during solidification. The solute redistribution usually leads to the formation of brittle secondary phase, which is harmful to the workability and final mechanical properties of casting component. It has been accepted that fluid flow plays a critical role in mass transfer during solidification and thus altering the microsegregation pattern. High static magnetic field has been considered as an effective way to control the convection in solidification. In this work, the impact of the high static magnetic field on the microsegregation was investigated. Al-4.5Cu (mass fraction, %) alloy was directionally solidified from <001> seed crystal under various magnetic fields with a constant pulling rate of 50 μm/s and temperature gradient of 101 K/cm. OM and BSE were applied to characterize the microstructure of the solidified samples. The fraction of Al2Cu second phase was obtained by software analysis from the transverse and longitudinal sections. The results show that the Al-4.5Cu alloy solidifies in dendritic morphology. The formation of second phase is significantly affected by the magnetic field. Without magnetic field, the continuous network of second phase is observed at grain boundaries. In the presence of the magnetic field, the second phase is disconnected in the grain boundaries and dispersed in grains. The fraction of the second phase is reduced with the increase of the magnetic field. EDS area scan was carried out to measure the concentration of Cu solute in dendritic scale. Isoconcentration contour maps of Cu in the plane perpendicular to the primary dendrite trunk were drawn. The concentration profiles of Cu were plotted from the measured data and the effective partition coefficient ke was calculated. It is found that the redistribution of Cu solute in interdendritic region is greatly altered by the magnetic field. When the intensity of the magnetic field increases, the concentration profile and the ke decrease. The disturbance of the Cu solute in the plane perpendicular to the primary trunk suggests the existence of fluid flow in the interdendritic region. The above phenomena could be attributed to the dendritic scale thermoelectric magnetic convection (TEMC) as well as the second flow driven by the TEMC. The azimuthal TEMC and meridional second flow will bring about stirring in mushy zone and lead to the modification of solute transport during solidification process.

Key words:  Al-4.5Cu alloy      high magnetic field      directional solidification      microsegregation      effective partition coefficient      thermoelectric magnetic convection     
Received:  08 October 2015     
Fund: Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (No.2011CB010404), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51404148 and 51401116) and Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Grant (Nos.13DZ1108200, 13521101102 and 14521102900)

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00520     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2016/V52/I5/575

Fig.1  Schematic of Bridgman directional solidification apparatus in a high static magnetic field (1—thermal insulation, 2—crucible, 3—heating element, 4—specimen, 5—superconductor magnet, 6—refractory disc, 7—Ga-In-Sn liquid metal, 8—pulling rod, 9 and 10—water inlets, 11 and 12—water outlets; B—magnetic field)
Fig.2  Longitudinal (a~c) and transverse (d~f) microstructures near solid/liquid interface in directionally solidified Al-4.5Cu alloy under magnetic fields of 0 T (a, d), 2 T (b, e), and 6 T (c, f)
Fig.3  BSE images of transverse sections of directionally solidified Al-4.5Cu alloy under magnetic fields of 0 T (a), 2 T (b) and 6 T (c)
Fig.4  BSE images of longitudinal sections of directionally solidified Al-4.5Cu alloy under magnetic fields of 0 T (a), 2 T (b) and 6 T (c)
Fig.5  Area fraction of Al2Cu phase in longitudinal and transverse sections of direcitonally solidified Al-4.5Cu alloy under various magnetic fields
Fig.6  Isoconcentration contour maps of Cu solute in the plane perpendicular to growth direction under magnetic fields of 0 T (a), 2 T (b) and 6 T (c)
Fig.7  Concentration profiles of Cu solute in solid phase under various magnetic fields
Fig.8  Effective partition coefficient ke vs volume fraction of solid phase under various magnetic fields
Fig.9  Schematic of generation of thermoelectric magnetic convection (a) and corresponding fluid flow around a dendrite in mushy zone (b) (G—temperature gradient, TEC—thermoelectric magnetic current)
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