纳米晶<strong>304</strong>不锈钢板材的微观组织、显微硬度与耐腐蚀性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00253

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (9): 1566-1580 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00253

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

纳米晶304不锈钢板材的微观组织、显微硬度与耐腐蚀性能

陈园¹^,², 宫春波³, 王胜刚¹^,²(

), 马嵩¹^,², 张志东¹^,²

1 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016
2 中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016
3 阜新睿光氟化学有限公司阜新 123129

Microstructure, Microhardness, and Corrosion Resistance of Nanocrystalline 304 Stainless Steel Plates

CHEN Yuan¹^,², GONG Chunbo³, WANG Shenggang¹^,²(

), MA Song¹^,², ZHANG Zhidong¹^,²

1 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
3 Fuxin Ruiguang Fluorine Chemistry Co. Ltd., Fuxin 123129, China

引用本文:

陈园, 宫春波, 王胜刚, 马嵩, 张志东. 纳米晶304不锈钢板材的微观组织、显微硬度与耐腐蚀性能[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(9): 1566-1580.
Yuan CHEN, Chunbo GONG, Shenggang WANG, Song MA, Zhidong ZHANG. Microstructure, Microhardness, and Corrosion Resistance of Nanocrystalline 304 Stainless Steel Plates[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(9): 1566-1580.

全文: PDF(4662 KB) HTML

摘要:

为了理解纳米晶和普通304不锈钢耐腐蚀性能与微观组织和显微硬度之间的关系，本工作研究了普通304不锈钢(CPSS-304)和采用深度轧制技术制备的纳米晶304不锈钢板材(NSSP-304)三个相互垂直面的显微硬度。利用XRD、TEM和EBSD等方法表征了NSSP-304和CPSS-304的微观组织。结果表明，NSSP-304三个面的显微硬度均大于CPSS-304且显微硬度分布更均匀。NSSP-304轧制面显微硬度比其他两个面的显微硬度高约40 HV，这与其织构({110}<211>)有关。NSSP-304在室温下0.5 mol/L HCl溶液中恒电位极化后，腐蚀速率及其随极化时间的变化范围都小于CPSS-304；在6%FeCl₃溶液(35 ℃)浸泡过程中，NSSP-304的腐蚀速率及其变化幅度均低于CPSS-304。在两种溶液中，NSSP-304点腐蚀孔洞的密度和尺寸都小于CPSS-304。尽管NSSP-304制备过程中发生严重的形变(总形变量大于70%)且产生织构、形变孪晶和高密度位错，但是NSSP-304在两种腐蚀溶液中的均匀腐蚀和点腐蚀阻力都高于CPSS-304。NSSP-304的显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能同时提高，与其晶粒细化、形变孪晶、高的位错密度和高的小角度晶界含量形成的价电子结构有关。

关键词 ： 304不锈钢, 显微硬度, 织构, 位错, 形变孪晶, 各向同性, 腐蚀

Abstract：

To understand the relations between the corrosion behaviors of nanocrystalline and conventional polycrystalline 304 stainless steels and their microstructures and microhardness, the microhardness of nanocrystalline 304 stainless steel plate (NSSP-304) produced using severe rolling technology and its counterpart of a conventional polycrystalline 304 stainless steel (CPSS-304) were investigated on the three planes perpendicular to each other. The microstructures of NSSP-304 and CPSS-304 were characterized using XRD, TEM, and EBSD. The microhardnesses on the three planes of NSSP-304 were higher than those of CPSS-304, which was unrelated to the martensite phase. The microhardness distributions on the three planes of NSSP-304 were more uniform than those of CPSS-304. The microhardness of NSSP-304 on the rolling plane was approximately 40 HV higher than on the other two planes, attributed to its weak texture ({110}<211>). Despite the weak texture, the corrosion rates of NSSP-304 varied with corrosion time within the narrower ranges than those of CPSS-304 during potentiostatic polarization in 0.5 mol/L HCl solution at room temperature and in 6%FeCl₃ solution (35 ^oC). NSSP-304 exhibited lower corrosion rates compared to CPSS-304, while the pitting corrosion resistance of the former was higher than those of the latter in both kinds of aqueous solutions. These results demonstrated that the texture, the high microhardness, the twins, and high-density dislocations of NSSSP-304 did not degrade its uniform and pitting corrosion resistances despite undergoing severe deformation during production (total deformation > 70%). Compared to CPSS-304, the higher microhardness, improved uniformity, and pitting corrosion resistances of NSSP-304 were attributed to its distinct configurations of valence electrons (i.e., their higher binding energies, higher weight values at higher energy levels, lower weight values at lower levels, and larger work function) derived from its grain refinement, dislocation accumulation, deformation twins, and larger fraction of low angle grain boundaries.

Key words： 304 stainless steel microhardness texture dislocation deformation twin isotropy corrosion

收稿日期: 2024-07-25

ZTFLH:

TG178

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52031014);国家自然科学基金项目(51171199)

通讯作者: 王胜刚，sgwang@imr.ac.cn，主要从事纳米晶金属材料制备及其相关性能研究

Corresponding author: WANG Shenggang, professor, Tel: 13909837801, E-mail: sgwang@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 陈园，女，1998年生，硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00253 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I9/1566

图1 纳米晶304不锈钢板材(NSSP-304)和普通304不锈钢(CPSS-304)三个相互垂直面的显微硬度测量位置分布图

图2 NSSP-304和CPSS-304样品轧向-横向(RD-TD)面上的显微硬度

图3 NSSP-304和CPSS-304样品RD-ND面和TD-ND面两条线上的显微硬度

图4 NSSP-304和CPSS-304样品在0.5 mol/L HCl (室温)和6%FeCl3溶液(35 ℃)中的均匀腐蚀和点腐蚀性能

图5 NSSP-304和CPSS-304样品在0.5 mol/L HCl溶液中的室温恒电位极化和6%FeCl3溶液(35 ℃)中浸泡后腐蚀表面的高分辨Cl-2p XPS

图6 NSSP-304和CPSS-304样品RD-TD、TD-ND和RD-ND面上的显微硬度平均值(不同线相同位置平均值)

图7 NSSP-304和CPSS-304样品在TD-ND面、RD-ND面和RD-TD面的压痕图

图8 NSSP-304和CPSS-304样品的XRD谱

图9 NSSP-304样品RD-TD、RD-ND和TD-ND面的TEM像

图10 CPSS-304样品三个相互垂直面微观组织的OM像

图11 NSSP-304样品的EBSD表征

图12 CPSS-304样品的EBSD表征

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