基于固溶元素增材制造镍基高温合金的成分设计

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00239

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (8): 1395-1404 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00239

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

基于固溶元素增材制造镍基高温合金的成分设计

张雪¹^,², 梁静静²(

), 赵玉淞³, 章环², 穆亚航¹^,², 周亦胄², 孙晓峰², 李金国²(

)

1 中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016
2 中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016
3 沈阳航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110136

Design of Additively Manufactured Ni-Based Superalloys Based on Solid Solution Elements

ZHANG Xue¹^,², LIANG Jingjing²(

), ZHAO Yusong³, ZHANG Huan², MU Yahang¹^,², ZHOU Yizhou², SUN Xiaofeng², LI Jinguo²(

)

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
2 Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China

引用本文:

张雪, 梁静静, 赵玉淞, 章环, 穆亚航, 周亦胄, 孙晓峰, 李金国. 基于固溶元素增材制造镍基高温合金的成分设计[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(8): 1395-1404.
Xue ZHANG, Jingjing LIANG, Yusong ZHAO, Huan ZHANG, Yahang MU, Yizhou ZHOU, Xiaofeng SUN, Jinguo LI. Design of Additively Manufactured Ni-Based Superalloys Based on Solid Solution Elements[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(8): 1395-1404.

全文: PDF(4141 KB) HTML

摘要:

易形成裂纹和高温强度不足是增材制造镍基高温合金面临的重大难题，基于固溶元素的成分设计是解决这两大难题的有效途径之一。本工作结合热力学计算，通过OM、XRD、SEM、TEM以及拉伸实验测试分析了增材制造镍基高温合金中γ'相含量、裂纹、错配度和拓扑密排(TCP)相析出情况。结果表明，ZGH-10合金的固溶强度为236 MPa，裂纹面积分数为(1.3 × 10^-4)%；错配度为-0.26%，γ'相为方形。在1000 ℃下热暴露500 h时，ZGH-10合金中无TCP相析出。在25、760和1000 ℃下，ZGH-10合金的抗拉强度分别为1290、1089和555 MPa，延伸率分别为17.0%、10.8%和28.5%，表现出优异的强度与塑性。

关键词 ：增材制造, 镍基高温合金, 固溶元素, 成分设计

Abstract：

Cracking and insufficient strength at high temperatures are major challenges in the manufacturing of additive-manufactured nickel-based superalloys, but can be effectively solved by a composition design based on solid solution elements. In this study, the amounts of γ′ phases, cracks, lattice mismatch, and topological close-packed (TCP) phase in additively manufactured Ni-based superalloys were investigated through thermodynamic calculations, OM, XRD, SEM,TEM, and tensile property tests. The preliminarily optimized ZGH-10 alloy exhibited a good microstructure and excellent tensile properties, with a solid solution strength and crack area percentage of 236 MPa and (1.3 × 10^-4)%, respectively. The lattice mismatch of the ZGH-10 alloy (-0.26%) contributes to square γ' phases. After thermal exposure to 1000 ^oC for 500 h, no TCP phase precipitation appears in the ZGH-10 alloy. At 25 ^oC, 760 ^oC, and 1000 ^oC, the ZGH-10 alloy delivers tensile strengths of 1290, 1089, and 555 MPa, respectively, and elongations of 17.0%, 10.8%, and 28.5%, respectively, showing excellent strength and ductility of the alloy.

Key words： additive manufacturing Ni-based superalloy solid solution element composition design

收稿日期: 2024-07-17

ZTFLH:

TG142

基金资助:国家科技重大专项项目(Y2019-VII-0011-0151);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3702503)

通讯作者: 李金国，jgli@imr.ac.cn，主要从事高温合金材料研制与构件制备研究; 梁静静，jjliang@imr.ac.cn，主要从事增材制造高温合金材料研发与工艺优化研究

Corresponding author: LI Jinguo, professor, Tel: (024)83978872, E-mail: jgli@imr.ac.cn; LIANG Jingjing, professor, Tel: (024)23971787, E-mail: jjliang@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 张雪，女，1995年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00239 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I8/1395

表1 5因素3水平正交表 (mass fraction / %)

表2 镍基高温合金中固溶元素的名义成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 合金粉末形貌和粒径分布

图2 激光能量沉积后用于拉伸测试样品实物图和拉伸试样的尺寸

图3 Thermo-Calc计算的合金在760和1000 ℃下的γ'相含量

表3 镍基高温合金中各元素固溶强化系数和合金元素的d轨道能级(Md)[16,20]

图4 ZGH-1和ZGH-10合金中纵截面的裂纹分布情况

图5 合金固溶强度与裂纹面积分数的关系

图6 ZGH-11合金中的液化裂纹

图7 室温下ZGH-8和ZGH-10合金(002)峰XRD谱以及分峰后的拟合曲线

Alloy	$a γ'$ / nm	$a γ$ / nm	δ / %
ZGH-8	0.35706	0.35751	-0.13
ZGH-10	0.35776	0.35870	-0.26

表4 ZGH-8和ZGH-10合金γ/γ'相的晶格常数和错配度

图8 ZGH-8和ZGH-10合金γ'相暗场TEM像

图9 ZGH-10合金在1000 ℃下热暴露100和500 h碳化物的类型及面扫描结果和电子衍射花样

图10 ZGH-10合金在1000 ℃下热暴露500 h后析出的MC碳化物的SEM像及元素面扫描分布图

图11 ZGH-10合金拉伸性能及与其目前增材镍基高温合金[28~31]的对比

图12 ZGH-10合金在不同温度下拉伸断口形貌的SEM像

图13 ZGH-10合金拉伸变形后显微组织的TEM像

图14 Lomer-Cottrell (LC)锁形成示意图

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