低碳低合金钢焊缝熔覆金属针状铁素体的回火稳定性

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00135

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (4): 599-610 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00135

研究论文

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低碳低合金钢焊缝熔覆金属针状铁素体的回火稳定性

胡富昇¹^,²^,³, 成林¹^,²^,³, 侯廷平¹^,²^,³, 程石¹^,²^,³, 宋峰雨⁴, 吴开明¹^,²^,³(

)

^1.武汉科技大学高性能钢铁材料及其应用省部共建协同创新中心武汉 430081
^2.武汉科技大学冶金工业过程系统科学湖北省重点实验室武汉 430081
^3.武汉科技大学国际钢铁研究院武汉 430081
^4.龙岩学院物理与机电工程学院龙岩 364012

High-Temperature Stability of Acicular Ferrite in a Low-Carbon Low-Alloy Steel Weld Metal

HU Fusheng¹^,²^,³, CHENG Lin¹^,²^,³, HOU Tingping¹^,²^,³, CHENG Shi¹^,²^,³, SONG Fengyu⁴, WU Kaiming¹^,²^,³(

)

^1.State Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
^2.Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science on Metallurgical Processing, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
^3.International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
^4.College of Physics, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China

引用本文:

胡富昇, 成林, 侯廷平, 程石, 宋峰雨, 吴开明. 低碳低合金钢焊缝熔覆金属针状铁素体的回火稳定性[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(4): 599-610.
Fusheng HU, Lin CHENG, Tingping HOU, Shi CHENG, Fengyu SONG, Kaiming WU. High-Temperature Stability of Acicular Ferrite in a Low-Carbon Low-Alloy Steel Weld Metal[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(4): 599-610.

全文: PDF(5951 KB) HTML

摘要:

长时间回火(时效)后保持钢材的优异力学性能是全球性技术挑战。本工作对低合金高强钢焊缝金属中的针状铁素体在高温下进行长时间回火，通过OM、SEM-EBSD、HRTEM、冲击和拉伸测试等手段研究其显微组织演变及其对力学性能的影响，同时从材料动力学角度对实验结果进行了分析和讨论。结果表明，经580~700 ℃、1~12 h不同时间回火后，针状铁素体的位错密度及组织尺寸均未发生明显变化，析出相密度随着回火温度的升高而增加，钉扎了晶界和位错，阻碍了针状铁素体的粗化，提高了析出强化作用。640~700 ℃回火时，抗拉强度增加明显且在700 ℃左右时达到峰值。材料动力学分析结果表明，形核率-温度曲线和析出-温度-时间曲线的鼻温都在700 ℃左右，析出相在640~730 ℃时大量形成，析出强化作用明显增强。高密度位错和Mo的添加提高了碳化物形核率且细化了TiC，Mo的添加还提高了动力学曲线NrT和PPT的“鼻温”并使析出开始时间提前，改善了针状铁素体的高温回火力学性能。

关键词 ：焊缝金属, 针状铁素体, 回火, 析出, 动力学

Abstract：

Maintaining steel’s high mechanical properties after a long period of tempering (aging) is a worldwide challenge. This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low-carbon, low-alloy steel weld metal consisting of acicular ferrite (AF) using OM, SEM, EBSD, TEM, and impact and tensile tests. The precipitation kinetics is used to analyze and discuss the experimental results to study the microstructure evolution and its effect on the mechanical properties of the low-carbon, low-alloy steel weld metal consisting of AF after tempering for a long time in a high-temperature environment. The results show that after tempering at 580-700 ^oC for 1-12 h, the dislocation density and size of the AF showed no noticeable change, indicating that the microstructure of the AF was very stable after high-temperature, long-time tempering. Precipitates increase along with the increase in tempering temperature, pin grain boundaries and dislocations, hinder the coarsening of AF, and thus increasing the precipitation strengthening effect. The tensile strength increased at 640-700 ^oC and peaked at about 700 ^oC. The kinetics curves and calculations indicate that the “nose” temperatures of both the nucleation rate-temperature (NrT) and precipitation-temperature-time (PPT) curves are about 700 ^oC; precipitation occurs in large amounts at about 640-730 ℃ and thus provides a strong precipitation strengthening effect. High-density dislocation and Mo addition increase the nucleation rate and refine the precipitates of TiC. Adding Mo increases the “nose” temperature of the NrT and PTT curves and brings forward the precipitation start time, thus improving the high-temperature tempering mechanical properties of AF.

Key words： weld metal acicular ferrite tempering precipitation kinetics

收稿日期: 2024-05-07

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20279);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4201500);山东泰山产业领军人才工程蓝色人才专项项目(2020007)

通讯作者: 吴开明，wukaiming@wust.edu.cn，主要从事钢铁材料相变及应用性能的研究

Corresponding author: WU Kaiming, professor, Tel: 13100610041, E-mail: wukaiming@wust.edu.cn

作者简介: 胡富昇，男，1988年生，硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00135 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I4/599

图1 微拉伸测试试样尺寸示意图

图2 焊缝熔敷金属在焊态，580、610、640 ℃回火12 h，及670、700、730 ℃回火2 h后样品显微组织的OM像

图3 焊缝熔敷金属在焊态及580、610、640 ℃回火12 h后样品显微组织的SEM像

图4 焊缝熔敷金属焊态及580、610、640、700 ℃回火后样品显微组织的TEM像

图5 焊缝熔敷金属焊态及610、640 ℃回火后样品的TEM像及选区电子衍射(SAED)花样

图6 焊缝熔敷金属640、700 ℃回火2 h后样品的TEM像及析出相的HRTEM像和EDS分析结果

图7 焊缝熔敷金属在焊态及580、610、640 ℃回火12 h后样品的EBSD结果

图8 焊缝熔敷金属焊态及580、610、640 ℃回火12 h后样品相体积分数、平均晶粒尺寸、小角度晶界分布及局部取向差统计图

图9 焊缝熔敷金属在焊态及不同温度和时间回火后的硬度、抗拉强度、伸长率及冲击吸收功

图10 焊缝熔敷金属夹杂物的OM像及EDS分析结果

表1 焊缝熔敷金属试样在焊态及不同温度和时间回火后夹杂物数量、尺寸及体积分数

图11 TiC和(Ti, Mo)C在针状铁素体中回火析出形核率-温度(NrT)和析出-温度-时间(PTT)曲线

图12 TiC和(Ti, Mo)C在针状铁素体中回火析出动力学曲线对比

图13 焊缝熔敷金属试样不同温度和时间回火后硬度及计算的屈服强度对比

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