<strong>Al-4.7%Cu</strong>合金枝晶凝固动态收缩的数值模拟

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00406

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (3): 509-522 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00406

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

Al-4.7%Cu合金枝晶凝固动态收缩的数值模拟

朱宝丰, 李晨宇, 张士杰, 李日(

)

河北工业大学材料科学与工程学院天津 300401

Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Contraction of Dendrite Solidification in the Al-4.7%Cu Alloy

ZHU Baofeng, LI Chenyu, ZHANG Shijie, LI Ri(

)

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China

引用本文:

朱宝丰, 李晨宇, 张士杰, 李日. Al-4.7%Cu合金枝晶凝固动态收缩的数值模拟[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(3): 509-522.
Baofeng ZHU, Chenyu LI, Shijie ZHANG, Ri LI. Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Contraction of Dendrite Solidification in the Al-4.7%Cu Alloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(3): 509-522.

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摘要:

合金铸件中微观缩孔的动态形成过程与枝晶凝固过程直接相关。为了模拟Al-4.7%Cu (质量分数)合金在凝固过程中发生的枝晶收缩现象，本工作建立了一个元胞自动机-格子Boltzmann方法(CA-LBM)耦合模型。该模型利用CA模拟枝晶生长过程中缩孔的形成，并通过LBM研究缩孔在液相中的扩散过程。首先用真空孔洞在液体中扩散均匀化的数值模拟验证了所建立的CA-LBM数值模型的正确性，然后对比计算了考虑和不考虑枝晶收缩的单枝晶凝固过程，最后计算了考虑收缩的多枝晶凝固收缩过程。对单枝晶凝固过程的计算结果表明，不考虑收缩的单枝晶在凝固结束后内部不存在孔洞，而考虑收缩的单枝晶在凝固结束后出现了均匀的微小缩孔；孔洞的出现对单枝晶的生长形貌有显著的影响，即会促进单枝晶二次分枝的出现。对多枝晶收缩模拟的结果也表明，微小孔洞出现在最后凝固的枝晶间交界处。缩孔总量的计算值与理论值的误差很小，证明所建立的数值模型是有效可靠的。

关键词 ： Al-Cu合金, 凝固, 枝晶收缩, CA-LBM数值模型

Abstract：

The dynamic formation process of microshrinkage pole in alloy castings is directly related to the dendrite solidification process. To simulate dendrite shrinkage in the Al-4.7%Cu (mass fraction) alloy during solidification, we proposed a coupling model combining cellular automata (CA) and the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), referred to as the CA-LBM model. In this model, CA was used to simulate the formation of shrinkage pores during dendrite growth, whereas LBM was applied to study the diffusion process of shrinkage pores in the liquid phase (fully liquid conditions). First, the accuracy of the proposed CA-LBM numerical model was verified through the numerical simulation of the diffusion homogenization of a vacuum cavity in liquid. Then, the solidification process of a single dendrite—with and without dendrite shrinkage were compared, followed by the calculations of the multi-dendrite solidification contraction process with and without dendrite shrinkage. Simulations of the single-dendrite solidification process indicated that no internal pores were formed in the single dendrites when shrinkage was not considered. However, when shrinkage was considered, uniform microshrinkage pores appeared in the single dendrites. Moreover, the presence of shrinkage pores notably influenced dendrite morphology by promoting secondary branching. The results of the multidendrite contraction simulation also showed that micro-shrinkage pores tended to form at the junctions of the last solidified dendrites. A comparison between the calculated number of shrinkage poles and the theoretical value showed a small error, indicating the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed numerical model.

Key words： Al-Cu alloy solidification dendrite shrinkage CA-LBM numerical model

收稿日期: 2024-11-28

ZTFLH:

TG111.4

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51975182)

通讯作者: 李日，hbcllr@hebut.edu.cn，主要从事晶体凝固过程及组织控制的多相多物理场多尺度的宏微观耦合数值模拟研究

Corresponding author: LI Ri, professor, Tel: (022)60202006, E-mail: hbcllr@hebut.edu.cn

作者简介: 朱宝丰，男，1997年生，硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00406 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I3/509

图1 微观缩松算法模型

表1 Al-4.7%Cu的热物性参数

图2 模型流程图

图3 标准反弹格式

图4 九网格下的真空孔洞的扩散模型

图5 真空孔洞扩散过程的九网格验证

图6 真空孔洞扩散过程的二十五网格和一百网格验证

图7 真空孔洞扩散过程的多网格流场的计算域

图8 纯液相中的缩孔扩散(前3000步)

图9 纯液相中的缩孔扩散(3000步后)

图10 多网格流场缩孔扩散示意图(含障碍物)

图11 两点扩散过程示意图

图12 单枝晶生长的模拟结果(不考虑收缩、考虑缩孔产生及扩散)

图13 单枝晶计算中得到的缩孔总量与理论值的对比

图14 多枝晶模拟结果(25个形核点位置及不同位向的多晶粒)

图15 多枝晶生长示意图

图16 多枝晶计算中得到的缩孔总量与理论值的对比

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