Acta Metallurgica Sinica
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ISSN 0412-1961
CN 21-1139/TG
Started in 1956
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, Volume 3 Issue 2
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ИЗУЧЕНИЕ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ВРЕДНОЙ СЕΓРЕΓ АЦИИ В КИПЯЩЕЙ СТАЛИ ПРИПРОДУВКЕ КИСЛОРОДОМ(СЖАТЫМ ВОЗДУХОМ)СЛИТКА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЗАТВРДЕВАНИЯ
Шао Сян-хуа;Пуан Юе-чжу Анъщанъскц(?) Мемаддур(?)цческц(?) Комбцнам
Acta Metall Sin, 1958,
3
(2): 85-98.
Abstract
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KINETICS OF THE LEACHING OF COPPER SLAG IN AMMONIA SOLUTION UNDER HIGH OXYGEN PRESSURE
Liu;S.P.;Chow;Y.H.and Shieh;N.T.Kunming Research Station of the Institute of Metallurgy and Ceramics;Academia Sinica
Acta Metall Sin, 1958,
3
(2): 99-110.
Abstract
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The copper slag under investigation contains chiefly of metallic copper,matteand copper oxides.In order to dissolve both metallic and Cu_2S contained in matte,it is necessary to provide an oxidation condition for the leaching process in highpressure autoclave.The purpose of our investigation was:1.To study the kineticsof the leaching processes;2.To find the most efficient leaching conditions.The kinetics of the leaching process were investigated over a wide range ofNH_4OH and(NH_4)_2CO_3 concentrations,oxygen pressures,temperatures of the solu-tion and stirring velocities.The experimental results show that the leaching processes were diffusion con-trolled reactions,in other words,velocity of diffusion determines the over-all rateof the leaching process and by increasing the speed of agitation of the reactants,the % of Cu extraction is increased.All the experimental results show that the rate of leaching process obeys para-bolic law,that is,the % of copper extraction against time is parabolic functioThe parabolic constant K_P,and the slope of the parabolic were calculatedagainst velocities of stirring,oxygen pressures,concentrations of NH_4OH and(NH_4)_2CO_3and temperatures of the solution.The influence of pH values against the % of copper extraction is a straight-line relationship,but reaches a maximum at some definite pH value.The effect of temperatures upon the efficiency of copper extraction is alsostudied and the plot of log K_P against 1/T gives a straight line relationship.Theactivation energy of this diffusion controlled process was 3.1 kcal/mol.At 60℃,speed of stirring of 360 r.p.m.O_2-pressure of 5 atmospheres and0.65 N of NH_4OH+0.12 N of(NH_4)_2CO_3,the % of copper extraction of this slagwhich contained only 0.96% total copper,is 75% with a leaching time of 8 hours.
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THE RATE OF IRON OXIDE REDUCTION WITH CHARCOAL
Lu CHAO-CHI;SHEN PONG-JU;KING DA-KONG;WU TZU-LIANG Institute of Metallurgy and Ceramics;Academia Sinica
Acta Metall Sin, 1958,
3
(2): 111-119.
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By the reduction of mill scale of rimmed steel with charcoal,a high gradeiron powder(>98.5% Fe)suitable for powder metallurgy can be obtained. In the course of reduction at about 1000℃,Fe_2O_3 and then Fe_3O_4 was almostcompletely transformed into Wüstite within a few minutes prior to the formationof metallic iron;but the reduction of Wüstite to metallic iron lasted a much lon-ger time.Therefore the last stage reaction controls the whole reduction process.Inthe last stage of reduction,the iron substrates formed on the surface of Wüstite areporous and permeable to gaseous diffusion.The reduction rate is controlled by thesurface reaction on the Wüstite-iron interface,but the rate of this surface reactionis limited by the velocity of CO formation.The activation energy for the growth of iron substrates on the Wüstite surfacewas determined to be 57000 cal/mole,being comparable to the activation energyfor CO formation in most solid reducing agents such as coke,graphite and coal.Experimental results rther indicate that the effect of temperature on the reduc-tion rate of Wüstite arises from the temperature dependence of CO generation oncharcoal.
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ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЯВЛЕНИЯ ВОЗВРАТА СВОЙСТВ ПРИ СТАРЕНИИ СПЛАВОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ЖЕЛЕЗА
Б.Г.Лившип Московскц(?) цнсмцмум смадц;Ван Жунь Пекцнскц(?) цнсмцмум черно(?) мемаддур(?)цц
Acta Metall Sin, 1958,
3
(2): 120-128.
Abstract
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ИЗУЧЕНИЕ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ЦЕМЕНТОВАННОЙ СТАЛИ 2ОХ2Н4
Сюй Цзя-да Мцнцсмерсмво вморо(?)о мащцносмроенця
Acta Metall Sin, 1958,
3
(2): 129-137.
Abstract
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497
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RESEARCH ON AUSTENITIC Cr-Mn-C-N STAINLESS STEELS
Hsiao Chi-mei Peking Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy
Acta Metall Sin, 1958,
3
(2): 138-180.
Abstract
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Over 200 Cr-Mn-C-N experimental steels have been systematically studied bya combination of microscopic examination,X-ray diffraction,electrolytic extraction,chemical analysis,hardness and magnetic measurements,density and dilatometricmethods,oxidation test,tensile tests at both room-and elevated-temperatures,creep-rupture test,etc.,and the main findings are presented as follow:(1)Stable austenitic region.(2)Solid state reactions:martensitic transformation,precipitation reactions,and formation of sigma phase.(3)Room-and elevated-temperatures properties,and their relation to the che-mical composition of the steels.(4)Strengthening effect of interstitial solid solution.(5)Effect of precipitation reaction on elevated-temperature strength.(6)Effect of V,W,Mo,Nb,B and Si.(7)Tentative recommendation for indus rial applications.
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