Effect of Dilatational Strain Energy of Fe-C-Ni System on Martensitic Transformation
CHEN Wei1,2, CHEN Hongcan1,2, WANG Chenchong3, XU Wei3, LUO Qun1,2(), LI Qian1,2, CHOU Kuochih1,2
1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China 2.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China 3.State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Cite this article:
CHEN Wei, CHEN Hongcan, WANG Chenchong, XU Wei, LUO Qun, LI Qian, CHOU Kuochih. Effect of Dilatational Strain Energy of Fe-C-Ni System on Martensitic Transformation. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(2): 175-183.
Ultrahigh-strength steels have been widely used in critical engineering structures in military and civilian applications owing to the combination of ultrahigh strength and excellent toughness. The martensitic transformation start temperature (Ms) is an important parameter for designing alloys; it describes the thermodynamic stability and transformation behavior of austenite, affecting the strength and toughness of the alloy. To explore the influence of dilatational strain energy during martensitic transformation on Ms and calculate Ms in the Fe-C-Ni system, the dilatational curves of Fe-C-Ni alloys are measured using a dilatometer. Three tangents method is used to calculate Ms and austenitic transformation start temperature. The influence of composition on microstructure and lattice parameters after martensitic transformation was analyzed using OM and XRD. The dilatational strain energy model in the nonchemical driving force of martensitic transformation is modified considering the interaction between C and Ni components. The Ms of Fe-C-Ni system was calculated using a thermodynamic model in which the sum of martensitic transformation chemical driving force (the difference of Gibbs free energy between fcc and bcc phases) and nonchemical driving force (shearing strain energy of austenite, dilatational strain energy of austenite, dislocation stored energy of martensite, and interfacial energy of austenite and martensite) is zero. These results show that increasing C and Ni contents promote lattice expansion of the bcc phase after transformation whereas increasing Ni content reduces the martensite lath. The average proportion of dilatational strain energy of austenite in nonchemical driving force is approximately 41.3% in Fe-C-Ni alloys with atomic fractions of C < 1.0% and Ni < 20%. The prediction error of Ms in the Fe-C-Ni system is 4.1% using the modified model.
Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1808208);Independent Research and Development Project of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, China(SKLASS2020-Z01);Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19DZ2270200)
About author: LUO Qun, associate professor, Tel: (021)66136577, E-mail: qunluo@shu.edu.cn
Fig.1 Dilatation curves of Fe-C-Ni alloys with different atomic fractions of C (Ms—martensitic transformation start temperature, As—austenitic transformation start temperature)
Fig.2 OM images of Fe-C-Ni alloys with different atomic fractions of C and Ni
Fig.3 XRD spectra of Fe-C-Ni alloys (a) and calculated lattice constants of bcc phase in Fe-C-Ni alloys (b)
Fig.4 Fitting line of linear dilatational ratio (ΔL / L of martensitic transformation vs the product of atomic fraction of C and Ni (xCxNi) by Eq.(17)
Fig.5 Comparison between 0.5(Ms + As)[36-40] with the predicted T0 (this work and Refs.[41,42]) in Fe-Ni system (T0—temperature of chemical driving force is equal to 0， TC—Curie temperature) (a) and calculated Ms in Fe-C-Ni system (b)
Fig.6 Calculated and experimental (this work and Refs.[11,43-45]) Ms in Fe-C-Ni alloys with different Ni contents (a) and comparison of experimental and calculated (this work and Refs.[11,22]) Ms by three models(experimental data from: Fe-C[11,50-53], Fe-Ni[36,46,54-56], and Fe-C-Ni[11,43,44,54]) (b)
Fig.7 Nonchemical driving force and dilatational strain energy of Fe-C-Ni alloys at Ms
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