Formation and Friction Properties of Electron Beam Cladding (Ti, W)C1-x Composite Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V
LIU Donglei1, CHEN Qing1, WANG De2, ZHANG Rui2, Tomiko Yamaguchi3, WANG Wenqin1,4()
1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China 2. School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China 3. Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan 4. State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Cite this article:
LIU Donglei, CHEN Qing, WANG De, ZHANG Rui, Tomiko Yamaguchi, WANG Wenqin. Formation and Friction Properties of Electron Beam Cladding (Ti, W)C1-x Composite Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(7): 1025-1035.
The (Ti, W)C1-x composite coatings were prepared on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy by high energy electron beam cladding technology using WC-10Co powder. The microstructure and phase composition of the composite coatings under different cladding currents were analyzed by SEM, EPMA and XRD, and the formation mechanism of each phase was discussed in detail. The microhardness and friction property of the composite coatings were analyzed by microhardness tester and ball-disk friction test equipment, and the friction mechanism of the composite coatings under different cladding currents was discussed. The results show that the WC powders in the three composite coatings were completely dissolved. The coating consists of α-Ti, β-Ti, dendritic and block (Ti, W)C1-x, and a small amount of W. The thickness of the coatings ranges from 400 to 600 μm, and the adhesion between the coatings and the substrate was good. Compared with the substrate, the average hardness and wear resistance of the composite coatings increased by 2~3 times and decreased with the increase of cladding current. The surface microhardness was up to 860 HV at the cladding current of 12 mA. In addition, the friction mechanism was abrasive wear at 12 mA and it became severer at 15 mA; at the cladding current of 18 mA, a little fatigue wear was also proved.
Fig.1 SEM image (a) and XRD spectrum (b) of WC-10Co powder
Fig.2 SEM images of overall cross-sectional morphologies of the composite coatings under different cladding currents (a) 12 mA (b) 15 mA (c) 18 mA
Fig.3 SEM-BSE images of different parts of the coating (upper, middle and interface from left to right) under different cladding currents (a~c) 12 mA (d~f) 15 mA (g~i) 18 mA
Fig.4 XRD spectra of the composite coatings under different cladding currents
Fig.5 BSE images of EPMA point analysis locations for different composite coatings (a) 12 mA (b) 15 mA (c) 18 mA
Point
Al
C
Ti
W
Co
1
1.56
45.55
51.39
0.52
0.97
2
5.47
0
88.97
3.70
1.86
3
2.93
30.93
61.28
3.39
1.47
4
4.29
3.14
86.50
5.24
0.83
5
1.37
45.26
51.44
0.85
1.08
6
5.02
0
88.38
4.72
1.88
7
1.95
31.72
64.76
0.80
0.77
Table 1 EPMA analyses of corresponding points in Fig.5
Fig.6 Formation schematic diagram of each phase in the coating (a) schematic illustration of coating cladding(b) partial view of the molten pool(c) reaction diagram of molten pool(d) formation of each phase
Fig.7 Microhardness distributions of composite coatings under different cladding currents (a) surface hardness (b) section hardness
Fig.8 Cross-sectional wear area (a) and wear rate (b) of matrix and composite coatings under different cladding currents
Fig.9 SEM images (a, c, e, g) and local magnifications (b, d, f, h) of substrate and coating surface after friction test (a, b) substrate (c, d) 12 mA (e, f) 15 mA (g, h) 18 mA
Point
C
O
Al
Ti
Fe
Co
W
1
0
42.28
6.42
49.47
1.83
0
0
2
2.57
47.16
4.03
25.57
19.64
0.35
0.67
3
5.02
41.33
5.43
42.92
4.45
0.26
0.58
4
1.25
46.98
5.56
42.89
2.04
0.38
0.89
Table 2 EDS analyses of elements at different points in Fig.9
Fig.10 Morphologies and EDS results of grinding ball surface corresponding to substrate and coatings after friction test (a) substrate (b) 12 mA (c) 15 mA (d) 18 mA
Fig.11 Schematic illustration of wear-resisting mechanism of coatings (a) 12 mA (b) 15 mA (c) 18 mA
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