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Acta Metall Sin  2014, Vol. 50 Issue (10): 1210-1216    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00097
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MICROSTRUCTURE AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF Ag-BEARING DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL
XIANG Hongliang(), GUO Peipei, LIU Dong
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108
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XIANG Hongliang, GUO Peipei, LIU Dong. MICROSTRUCTURE AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF Ag-BEARING DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL. Acta Metall Sin, 2014, 50(10): 1210-1216.

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Abstract  

Nowadays, the events of bacterial infection, food poisoning and biological corrosion damage are increasingly arising. It is urgent to develop new antibacterial material to fight against the drug-resistant bacteria. In this work, Ag-bearing antibacterial duplex stainless steels were prepared by adding Ag or Cu-Ag alloy particles. The microstructure and distribution of Ag-rich phases and Ag electrovalence of the materials after solution treatment at different temperatures have been discussed in detail by ESEM, XRD and TEM. The antibacterial effects of the materials were tested by film-cover method, and compared with CD4MCu and Cu-bearing antibacterial duplex stainless steel. The results indicated that some Ag-bearing phases in diameter of about 8 μm in the matrix of the material prepared by adding Ag after the solution treatment at 1050 and 1150 ℃ were observed, and increasing temperature could not improve the solution solubility of Ag-bearing phases. In addition, some Ag-bearing phases in diameter of 45 nm was found in the matrix of the material after solution treatment at 1150 ℃. For the material prepared by adding Cu-Ag alloy particles after solution treatment at 1050 and 1150 ℃, the solubility of Ag-bearing phases increased with the solution temperature rising. And the smaller the Cu-Ag particles were, the easier the Ag-bearing phases dissolved. For the material prepared by adding Cu-Ag alloy particles in diameter of 150~300 mm after the solution treatment at 1150 ℃, Ag-bearing particles were completely dissolved into γ phase while some in diameter of about 18 nm were evenly distributed in a phase. Antibacterial tests showed that Ag-bearing antibacterial duplex stainless steels prepared by adding different sizes of Cu-Ag alloy particles exhibitted excellent antibacterial effect. The material prepared by adding Ag granules had the antibacterial effect.
Key words:  Ag-bearing antibacterial duplex stainless steel      Cu-Ag alloy      Ag-bearing phase      particle size      solution temperature      antibacterial property     
Received:  04 March 2014     
ZTFLH:  TG172  
Fund: Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Fujian Province (No.JA10014) and Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province (No.2014H003)
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Hongliang XIANG
Peipei GUO
Dong LIU

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00097     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2014/V50/I10/1210

Specimen C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo Cu Ag Fe
A1, A2, A3 0.03 0.54 0.74 0.002 0.03 25.91 5.91 1.95 3.16 0.135 Bal.
B1, B2, B3 0.03 0.53 0.79 0.002 0.03 25.74 5.89 1.93 3.14 0.121 Bal.
C1, C2, C3 0.03 0.52 0.79 0.002 0.03 25.82 5.78 1.94 3.16 0.128 Bal.
D 0.03 0.53 0.76 0.001 0.02 25.68 5.90 1.93 3.17 0 Bal.
Table 1  Chemical compositions of four kinds of materials
Fig.1  SEM images of specimens A1 (a), B1 (b), A3 (c), B3 (d) and C3 (e)
Fig.2  XRD spectra of specimens A3 and B3
Specimen Phase Cr Ni Cu Ag Fe
A1 a 30.19 5.34 2.39 - 58.64
γ 23.31 8.31 5.25 - 60.54
Particle 17.27 1.50 18.94 47.53 3.61
B1 a 29.01 5.49 2.74 - 59.89
γ 23.32 7.98 5.92 - 61.17
Particle 12.47 1.57 66.02 13.04 4.56
A3 a 29.09 5.10 2.45 - 59.49
γ 22.28 8.68 5.31 - 61.52
Particle 17.92 1.47 19.45 46.85 3.88
B3 a 28.66 5.41 2.32 - 59.38
γ 23.22 8.11 7.49 - 59.57
C3 a 29.02 5.57 2.41 - 59.07
γ 23.02 7.90 7.03 - 59.68
Particle 12.53 1.68 65.10 12.93 4.42
Table 2  Main chemical compositions of phases in different specimens
Fig.3  TEM images of specimens A3 (a) and B3 (b)
Fig.4  HRTEM images of specimens A3 (a) and B3 (b)
Specimen Phase Cu Ag Ni Cr Fe
A3 a 2.79 - 5.25 31.68 59.26
γ 7.55 - 8.75 22.61 61.06
Particle 8.89 41.87 2.24 19.11 24.86
B3 a 2.36 0.03 5.40 27.56 58.56
γ 7.40 0.12 8.41 20.43 59.06
Particle 2.07 34.31 1.73 17.75 38.99
Fig.3  Contents of main elements in Fig.3 and Fig.4
Specimen Bacteria count / (cfu?mL-1) R / %
3 h 24 h 3 h 24 h
A1 1.90×105 >1.05×105 84.8 ＜91.6
A2 2.11×105 >1.10×105 83.1 ＜91.2
A3 1.93×105 >1.05×105 84.6 ＜91.6
B1 3.75×103 <10 99.7 ＞99.9
B2 1.75×104 <10 99.6 ＞99.8
B3 1.25×103 <10 99.9 ＞99.9
C1 1.00×104 <10 99.2 ＞99.9
C2 3.75×104 <10 99.4 ＞99.9
C3 2.50×103 <10 99.8 ＞99.9
D >1.10×106 1.04×106 ＜11.3 ＜16.7
316L 1.25×106 1.25×106 0 0
Table 4  Antibacterial rates (R) of different specimens after different times in bacteria liquid
  
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