MICROSTRUCTURE AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF Ag-BEARING DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL
XIANG Hongliang(), GUO Peipei, LIU Dong
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108
Cite this article:
XIANG Hongliang, GUO Peipei, LIU Dong. MICROSTRUCTURE AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF Ag-BEARING DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL. Acta Metall Sin, 2014, 50(10): 1210-1216.
Nowadays, the events of bacterial infection, food poisoning and biological corrosion damage are increasingly arising. It is urgent to develop new antibacterial material to fight against the drug-resistant bacteria. In this work, Ag-bearing antibacterial duplex stainless steels were prepared by adding Ag or Cu-Ag alloy particles. The microstructure and distribution of Ag-rich phases and Ag electrovalence of the materials after solution treatment at different temperatures have been discussed in detail by ESEM, XRD and TEM. The antibacterial effects of the materials were tested by film-cover method, and compared with CD4MCu and Cu-bearing antibacterial duplex stainless steel. The results indicated that some Ag-bearing phases in diameter of about 8 μm in the matrix of the material prepared by adding Ag after the solution treatment at 1050 and 1150 ℃ were observed, and increasing temperature could not improve the solution solubility of Ag-bearing phases. In addition, some Ag-bearing phases in diameter of 45 nm was found in the matrix of the material after solution treatment at 1150 ℃. For the material prepared by adding Cu-Ag alloy particles after solution treatment at 1050 and 1150 ℃, the solubility of Ag-bearing phases increased with the solution temperature rising. And the smaller the Cu-Ag particles were, the easier the Ag-bearing phases dissolved. For the material prepared by adding Cu-Ag alloy particles in diameter of 150~300 mm after the solution treatment at 1150 ℃, Ag-bearing particles were completely dissolved into γ phase while some in diameter of about 18 nm were evenly distributed in a phase. Antibacterial tests showed that Ag-bearing antibacterial duplex stainless steels prepared by adding different sizes of Cu-Ag alloy particles exhibitted excellent antibacterial effect. The material prepared by adding Ag granules had the antibacterial effect.
Fund: Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Fujian Province (No.JA10014) and Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province (No.2014H003)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of four kinds of materials
Fig.1 SEM images of specimens A1 (a), B1 (b), A3 (c), B3 (d) and C3 (e)
Fig.2 XRD spectra of specimens A3 and B3
Specimen
Phase
Cr
Ni
Cu
Ag
Fe
A1
a
30.19
5.34
2.39
-
58.64
γ
23.31
8.31
5.25
-
60.54
Particle
17.27
1.50
18.94
47.53
3.61
B1
a
29.01
5.49
2.74
-
59.89
γ
23.32
7.98
5.92
-
61.17
Particle
12.47
1.57
66.02
13.04
4.56
A3
a
29.09
5.10
2.45
-
59.49
γ
22.28
8.68
5.31
-
61.52
Particle
17.92
1.47
19.45
46.85
3.88
B3
a
28.66
5.41
2.32
-
59.38
γ
23.22
8.11
7.49
-
59.57
C3
a
29.02
5.57
2.41
-
59.07
γ
23.02
7.90
7.03
-
59.68
Particle
12.53
1.68
65.10
12.93
4.42
Table 2 Main chemical compositions of phases in different specimens
Fig.3 TEM images of specimens A3 (a) and B3 (b)
Fig.4 HRTEM images of specimens A3 (a) and B3 (b)
Specimen
Phase
Cu
Ag
Ni
Cr
Fe
A3
a
2.79
-
5.25
31.68
59.26
γ
7.55
-
8.75
22.61
61.06
Particle
8.89
41.87
2.24
19.11
24.86
B3
a
2.36
0.03
5.40
27.56
58.56
γ
7.40
0.12
8.41
20.43
59.06
Particle
2.07
34.31
1.73
17.75
38.99
Fig.3 Contents of main elements in Fig.3 and Fig.4
Specimen
Bacteria count / (cfu?mL-1)
R / %
3 h
24 h
3 h
24 h
A1
1.90×105
>1.05×105
84.8
＜91.6
A2
2.11×105
>1.10×105
83.1
＜91.2
A3
1.93×105
>1.05×105
84.6
＜91.6
B1
3.75×103
<10
99.7
＞99.9
B2
1.75×104
<10
99.6
＞99.8
B3
1.25×103
<10
99.9
＞99.9
C1
1.00×104
<10
99.2
＞99.9
C2
3.75×104
<10
99.4
＞99.9
C3
2.50×103
<10
99.8
＞99.9
D
>1.10×106
1.04×106
＜11.3
＜16.7
316L
1.25×106
1.25×106
0
0
Table 4 Antibacterial rates (R) of different specimens after different times in bacteria liquid
[1]
Jones C M, Hoek E M V. J Nanoparticle Res, 2010; 12: 1530
[2]
Tanoira R P, Jorge C P, Endrino J L, Barrena E G, Horwat D, Pierson J F, Estenban J. J Phys, 2010; 252: 1
[3]
Li B, Liu X Y, Meng F H, Chang J, Ding C. Mater Chem Phys, 2009; 118: 99
[4]
Li M Q, Li D C, Qu L J, Zhang A Q, Zhang E L. In: Zhao H ed., 2011 6th International Forum on Strategic Technology, Harbin: IEEE Changwon Section, 2011: 179
[5]
Guo P P, Xiang H L, Li J X, Liu D. Spec Cast Nonferrous Alloys, 2013; 33: 470
(郭培培, 向红亮, 李敬鑫, 刘 东. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2013; 33: 470)
[6]
Hong I T, Koo C H. Mater Sci Eng, 2005; A393: 213
[7]
Lu M Q, Chen S H, Dong J S, Yang K. Chin J Mater Res, 2005; 19: 581
(吕曼祺, 陈四红, 董加胜, 杨 柯. 材料研究学报, 2005; 19: 581)
[8]
Li H W, Zhang T B, Zhang T Y. Acta Metall Sin, 2008; 44: 39
(李恒武, 张体宝, 张体勇. 金属学报, 2008; 44: 39)
[9]
Li N, Yang K. J Mater Sci Technol, 2010; 26: 941
[10]
Xiang H L, Fan J C, Liu D, Guo P P. Acta Metall Sin, 2012; 48: 1081
(向红亮, 范金春, 刘 东, 郭培培. 金属学报, 2012; 48: 1081)
[11]
Xiang H L, Fan J C, Liu D, Gu X. Acta Metall Sin, 2012; 48: 1089
(向红亮, 范金春, 刘 东, 顾 兴. 金属学报, 2012; 48: 1089)
[12]
Dong J S, Chen S H, Lv M Q, Yang K. Mater Rev, 2004; 18(3): 41
(董加胜, 陈四红, 吕曼祺, 杨 柯. 材料导报, 2004; 18(3): 41)
[13]
Yang K, Dong J S, Chen S H, Lu M Q. Chin J Mater Res, 2006; 20: 523
(杨 柯, 董加胜, 陈四红, 吕曼祺. 材料研究学报, 2006; 20: 523)
[14]
Yokota T, Tochihara M, Ohta M. Kawasaki Steel Technical Report, 2002; 46: 37
[15]
Liao K H, Ou K L, Cheng H C, Lin C T, Peng P W. Appl Surf Sci, 2010; 256: 3642
[16]
Fang Y Y. PhD Dissertation, I-Shou University, Taibei, China, 2009
(方怡雅. 义守大学博士学位论文, 中国台北, 2009)
[17]
Zhou Y Z. PhD Dissertation, I-Shou University, Taibei, China, 2011
(周雍智. 义守大学博士学位论文, 中国台北, 2011)
[18]
Shen Z L. In: Tian Z L ed., Corrosion Resistance of Metal Materials of the 11th Academic Conference Proceedings, Baotou: Chinese Corrosion and Protection Society, 2008: B-25
