Design and Manufacture of Heterostructured Metallic Materials

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00370

Acta Metall Sin

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (11): 1399-1415 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00370

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Design and Manufacture of Heterostructured Metallic Materials

ZHANG Xiancheng(

), ZHANG Yong, LI Xiao, WANG Zimeng, HE Chenyun, LU Tiwen, WANG Xiaokun, JIA Yunfei, TU Shantung

Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

Cite this article:

ZHANG Xiancheng, ZHANG Yong, LI Xiao, WANG Zimeng, HE Chenyun, LU Tiwen, WANG Xiaokun, JIA Yunfei, TU Shantung. Design and Manufacture of Heterostructured Metallic Materials. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(11): 1399-1415.

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Abstract

The design and manufacture of heterostructured metallic materials for the balanced improvement of strength and ductility by interior microstructure construction have been the research frontiers and focus in mechanical engineering and materials science. Recently, the understanding of multiple hardening mechanisms in heterostructured metallic materials has progressively advanced. Although establishing quantitative relationships between hardening effects and microstructural parameters and further instructing the research and development of manufacturing for a superior combination between strength and ductility will be of significant value to the design theory, the manufacturing processes and property characterization of heterostructured metallic materials are crucial. In this article, the research progress on the theoretical foundations of designing microstructures and manufacturing processes for heterostructured metallic materials was reviewed. First, the heterostructured metallic materials from the perspective of their microstructural regulation method were categorized. Second, the theoretical foundations for the microstructural regulation of heterostructured materials were reviewed. Third, the manufacturing process for heterostructured materials was classified in terms of the up-bottom and bottom-up approaches as well as reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future development of the design and manufacture of heterostructured metallic materials were addressed.

Key words: heterostructured metallic material strength and ductility back stress microstructural design manufacturing process

Received: 04 August 2022

ZTFLH:

TH114

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51725503)

About author: ZHANG Xiancheng, professor, Tel: (021)64253149, E-mail: xczhang@ecust.edu.cn

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	Xiancheng ZHANG
	Yong ZHANG
	Xiao LI
	Zimeng WANG
	Chenyun HE
	Tiwen LU
	Xiaokun WANG
	Yunfei JIA
	Shantung TU

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00370 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2022/V58/I11/1399

Fig.1 Microstructures of various heterogeneous structured metals and alloys^{[19-23,25,26]}

Fig.2 Schematic plot of yield strength and elongation of heterogeneous microstructure versus homogeneous microstructure (The sequence of various heterogeneous microstructure is arbitrary)^{[11,19,20,22,25-28,30]}

Fig.3 Schematics of the calculation and mechanism of back stress
(a) calculation of back stress (σ_b) in unloading-reloading loop^[33] (σ_u—unload yield stress, σ_r—reload yield stress)
(b) schematic of the mechanism of back stress and forward stress^[35] (τ_a—an applied shear stress to pile up a dislocation against the boundary, n—the number of pile-up dislocations)
(c) components of back stress (HDI—heterodeformation-induced)
(d) back stress of gradient and homogeneous structures^[33]

Fig.4 Effects of the microstructural parameters on the mechanical properties of heterogeneous structures
(a, b) effects of size of coarse and fine grains on the back stress hardening^[38]
(c) schematic of interface affected zone in the laminate structure^[26]
(d) effect of thickness of interface affected zone on the back stress^[26]
(e) volume fraction of fine grains on the stress-strain curves^[50] (CR—cold rolling, HS—heterogeneous structured, CG—coarse grain, YS—yield strength, UE—uniform elongation, UTS—ultimate tensile strength, EFT—elongation to fracture)
(f) back stress^[50] (σ_h—HDI stress, σ_eff—effective stress obtained from the loading-unloading-reloading test)

Fig.5 Effects of the distribution of coarse grains on the mechanical properties of heterogeneous structures^[62]
(a-c) constructions of representative volume element (RVE) of harmonic (a), lamellar (b), and dispersed (c) structures
(d) back stress hardening of three heterogeneous structures

Fig.6 Effects of microstructure parameters on mechanical properties for nanotwinned metals
(a) effect of twin thickness on stress-strain curves^[63] (nt—nanotwin, ufg—ultrafine grain, cg—coarse grain)
(b) effect of twin thickness (λ) or grain size (D) for nanocrystalline Cu on strain rate sensitivity index (m)^[71]
(c) effect of stacking fault energy on stress-strain curves^[72]
(d) effect of the angle between loading axis and twin boundary (θ) on the ratio of critical stress for dislocation emission and shear modulus^[74] (σ_cr—critical stress, G—shear modulus)

Fig.7 Effects of twin thickness on mechanical properties for hierarchical nanotwinned metals
(a) effect of secondary twin thickness (L₂) with D on transition twin thickness (

L 1 T r

)^[76]
(b) effect of L₂ on average flow stress^[77] (L₁—primary twin thickness)

Fig.8 Classification schematic of precise preparation techniques of heterogeneous metal materials

Fig.9 Schematics of the surface strengthening treatments and their main process parameters
(a) shot peening (SP)^[84]
(b) surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT)^[87]
(c) surface mechanical grinding treatment (SMGT)^[29] (TD—transverse direction, ND—normal direction, SD—shear direction, ν₁—rotation velocity, ν₂—sliding velocity)
(d) fast multiple rotation rolling (FMRR)^[89] (P—pressure, ν— horizontal velocity, ω— rotational speed)
(e) ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP)^[91] (a_p—preset depth)

Fig.10 Schematics of severe deformed treatments for bulk and their main process parameters
(a) cold rolling (CR)^[96] (ν

1'

, ν

2'

— rotation velocities of top and bottom roller, respectively)
(b) asymmetric rolling (ASR)^[99]
(c) equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)^[100] (Φ—angle between channels, Ψ—outer curvature angle)
(d) accumulative roll bonding (ARB)^[103] (HPT—high pressure torsion)

Fig.11 Schematics of the bottom-up design method and their main process parameters
(a) electrodeposition (ED)^[104] (b) powder metallurgy (PM)^[107,119] (c) additive manufacturing (AM)^[108] (h₂—hatch spacing)

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