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| Microstructural Characteristics and Electrochemical Behavior of a Mg-0.1Sn Anode for Magnesium-ion Batteries |
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Cite this article:
. Microstructural Characteristics and Electrochemical Behavior of a Mg-0.1Sn Anode for Magnesium-ion Batteries. Acta Metall Sin, 0, (): 0-0.
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Abstract With the global emphasis on renewable energy, the
development of large-scale energy storage technologies has become essential for
achieving carbon neutrality. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the
most widely used and technologically mature energy storage systems; however,
resources such as Li, Co, and Ni are scarce in China, resulting in high
production costs. Moreover, the growth of lithium dendrites poses serious
safety risks, as these structures can penetrate the separator, cause short
circuits, and potentially lead to thermal runaway, fires, or explosions. In
light of these challenges, while significant progress has been made in developing
protection strategies for LIBs, researchers are increasingly exploring
alternative metal-ion battery systems, including magnesium-ion, sodium-ion, and
zinc-ion batteries. Among these, rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs)
are considered one of the most promising next-generation energy storage
technologies. Compared with metallic Li, metallic Mg offers a higher volumetric
capacity and a relatively low reduction potential. In addition, Mg is more
abundant in the Earth's crust and theoretically resistant to dendrite formation
under appropriate conditions due to its low self-diffusion barrier. Its
chemical stability in air and lower flammability also contribute to improved
operational safety. MIBs thus present a promising route toward safe, high-capacity
energy storage. However, challenges such as uneven stripping and high
overpotential at the Mg anode lead to pitting corrosion and premature failure.
To address these issues, a Mg-0.1Sn (mass fraction, %) anode material with a
homogeneous equiaxed structure was prepared via extrusion, yielding an average
grain size of (15.6 ± 2.4) μm and a texture strength of 17.40 MRD. The
electrochemical performance of this alloy was compared with that of a pure
magnesium anode to achieve more uniform and rapid Mg deposition/stripping
behavior. At a current density of 1.0 mA/cm2 and a deposition
capacity of 0.5 mAh/cm2, the overpotential of the T0-E//T0-E cell
was only 0.21 V, maintaining stable operation for up to 1000 cycles, whereas
the P-Mg//P-Mg cell sustained only 505 cycles. The T0-E//Cu half-cell also
exhibited excellent cycling stability for over 450 cycles with an average
coulombic efficiency of 98.88%. In contrast, after 230 cycles, the coulombic
efficiency of the P-Mg//Cu cell fluctuated significantly and remained
comparatively low. Furthermore, when paired with a Mo6S8 cathode, the T0-E//Mo6S8 full cell maintained good
cycling stability for over 1800 cycles at a rate of 1 C. The superior cycling
performance of the Mg–0.1Sn anode is attributed primarily to the uniform solid
solution of Sn within the Mg matrix. Furthermore, the Sn component participates
in the charge–discharge processes, effectively mitigating volume expansion and
suppressing microcrack propagation. Meanwhile, the formation of SnCl2 on the anode surface reduces the local Cl− concentration, thereby
slowing electrolyte corrosion and enhancing overall electrode stability.
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Received: 22 January 2025
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| Fund: he National Natural Science: Foundation of China;the Lvliang City University-local Government Cooperation key research and development project |
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