Please wait a minute...
Just Accepted | Current Issue | Archive | Featured Articles | Special Issue | Most Read | Most Downloaded | Most Cited
Acta Metall Sin  2017, Vol. 53 Issue (12): 1579-1587    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00101
Orginal Article Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Susceptibility and Hydrogen Trapping Efficiency of the Welded MS X70 Pipeline Steel in H2S Environment
Xiaoyu ZHAO, Feng HUANG(), Lijun GAN, Qian HU, Jing LIU
The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
Cite this article: 

Xiaoyu ZHAO, Feng HUANG, Lijun GAN, Qian HU, Jing LIU. Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Susceptibility and Hydrogen Trapping Efficiency of the Welded MS X70 Pipeline Steel in H2S Environment. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(12): 1579-1587.

Download:  HTML  PDF(4559KB) 
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract  

Pipeline steels for sour oil and gas containing H2S generally suffer from either hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) or sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSC). Oil and gas containing high concentration H2S are noxious to pipeline steels because of the hydrogen-induced corrosion. In this study, HIC susceptibility of welded MS X70 pipeline steels was evaluated in NACE “A” solution at room temperature. Meanwhile, microstructure and regions near a HIC crack in the MS X70 base steel and its welded joint were analyzed through OM, SEM and EBSD. The hydrogen trapping efficiency was also investigated by measuring the permeability (J∞) and the effective hydrogen diffusivity (Deff). The results showed that both base metal and welded joint were highly susceptible to HIC and the later steel sample was more vulnerable than the former. This higher susceptibility could be primarily attributed to the following effects: the higher hydrogen trapping efficiency of bainitic lath microstructure in the welded joint; the more low angle grain boundary in the welded joint also made it easier to crack by improving the hydrogen trapping efficiency of high angle grain boundary; the less amount of coincidence site lattice grain boundary and Σ13b、Σ29b lead to higher HIC susceptibility by decreasing the resistance to crack of high angle grain boundary.
Key words:  MS X70 pipeline steel      welded joint      grain boundary      hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC)      hydrogen trapping efficiency     
Received:  28 March 2017     
ZTFLH:  TG172.3  
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51571154) and Science and Technology Support Program of Hubei Province (No.2015BAA083)
Service
E-mail this article
Add to citation manager
E-mail Alert
RSS
（）
Articles by authors
Xiaoyu ZHAO
Feng HUANG
Lijun GAN
Qian HU
Jing LIU

URL: 

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00101     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2017/V53/I12/1579

Sample C Si Mn P S Cu Cr Ni Mo Nb V Fe
Base metal 0.046 0.257 1.109 0.007 0.001 0.091 0.234 0.090 0.105 0.036 0.028 Bal.
Welding wire 0.068 0.260 1.320 0.011 0.019 - 0.370 0.450 0.110 - 0.002 Bal.
Table 1  Chemical compositions of MS X70 pipeline steel and welding wire (mass fraction / %)
Fig.1  photo of welded MS X70 pipeline steel (Regions I, II and III show the base steel, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal, respectively)
Fig.2  OM images of weld MS X70 pipeline steel (P—pearlite, F—ferrite, B—bainite)

(a) base metal (b) HAZ (c) weld metal

Fig.3  Vickers microhardness profile of the welded joint of MS X70 pipeline steel
Sample CSR CLR CTR
Base metal
Welded joint		 0.43
0.50		 13.00
22.95		 5.35
12.30
Table 2  Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) susceptibility parameters of the MS X70 pipeline steel and its welded joint
Fig.4  Discharging current curves of the MS X70 pipeline steel and its welded joint
Fig.5  Hydrogen permeation curves of the MS X70 pipeline steel and its welded joint
Sample J∞ / (molcm-1s-1) Deff / (cm2s-1) C0 / (molcm-3)
Base metal 19.40×10-11 1.53×10-6 1.27×10-5
Welded joint 6.07×10-11 0.93×10-6 0.40×10-5
Table 3  Hydrogen permeation data for tested steels
Fig.6  IPF color maps in MS X70 pipeline steel (a) and its welded joint (b) (ND—normal direction, TD—transverse direction)
Fig.7  Grain boundary maps in MS X70 pipeline steel (a) and its welded joint (b) (Green lines indicate low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), yellow lines indicate medium angle grain boundaries (MAGBs) and red lines indicate high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), respectively)
Fig.8  Volume fractions of LAGBs, MAGBs, HAGBs and coincidence site lattice (CSL) in the MS X70 pipeline steel and its welded join
Fig.9  CSL boundaries histogram in MS X70 pipeline steel and its welded join
[1] Zhou C S, Zheng S Q, Chen C F, et al.The effect of the partial pressure of H2S on the permeation of hydrogen in low carbon pipeline steel[J]. Corros. Sci., 2013, 67: 184
[2] Al-Mansour M, Alfantazi A M, El-boujdaini M. Sulfide stress cracking resistance of API-X100 high strength low alloy steel[J]. Mater. Des., 2009, 30: 4088
[3] Hejazi D, Haq A J, Yazdipour N, et al.Effect of manganese content and microstructure on the susceptibility of X70 pipeline steel to hydrogen cracking[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2012, A551: 40
[4] Zhou C S, Huang Q Y, Guo Q, et al.Sulphide stress cracking behaviour of the dissimilar metal welded joint of X60 pipeline steel and Inconel 625 alloy[J]. Corros. Sci., 2016, 110: 242
[5] Olden V, Alvaro A, Akselsen O M.Hydrogen diffusion and hydrogen influenced critical stress intensity in an API X70 pipeline steel welded joint—Experiments and FE simulations[J]. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 37: 11474
[6] Zhao W M, Zhao T M, Zhao Y J, et al.Hydrogen permeation and embrittlement susceptibility of X80 welded joint under high-pressure coal gas environment[J]. Corros. Sci., 2016, 111: 84
[7] Forero A B, Ponciano J A C, Bott I S. Susceptibility of pipeline girth welds to hydrogen embrittlement and sulphide stress cracking[J]. Mater. Corros., 2014, 65: 531
[8] Dong C F, Xiao K, Liu Z Y, et al.Hydrogen induced cracking of X80 pipeline steel[J]. Int. J. Min. Metall. Mater., 2010, 17: 579
[9] Park G T, Koh S U, Jung H G, et al.Effect of microstructure on the hydrogen trapping efficiency and hydrogen induced cracking of linepipe steel[J]. Corros. Sci., 2008, 50: 1865
[10] Chang K D, Gu J L, Fang H S, et al.Effects of heat-treatment process of a novel bainite/martensite dual-phase high strength steel on its susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement[J]. ISIJ Int., 2001, 41: 1397
[11] Arafin M A, Szpunar J A.Effect of bainitic microstructure on the susceptibility of pipeline steels to hydrogen induced cracking[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2011, A528: 4927
[12] Shi X B, Yan W, Wang W, et al.Effect of microstructure on hydrogen induced cracking behavior of a high deformability pipeline steel[J]. J. Iron Steel. Res., 2015, 22: 937
[13] Hardie D, Charles E A, Lopez A H.Hydrogen embrittlement of high strength pipeline steels[J]. Corros. Sci., 2006, 48: 4378
[14] Huang F, Liu S, Liu J, et al.Sulfide stress cracking resistance of the welded WDL690D HSLA steel in H2S environment[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2014, A591: 159
[15] Huang F, Li X G, Liu J, et al.Hydrogen-induced cracking susceptibility and hydrogen trapping efficiency of different microstructure X80 pipeline steel[J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2011, 46: 715
[16] Huang F, Liu J, Deng Z J, et al.Effect of microstructure and inclusions on hydrogen induced cracking susceptibility and hydrogen trapping efficiency of X120 pipeline steel[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2010, A527: 6997
[17] Zhang X L, Zhuang C J, Ji L K, et al.Effective particle size of high grade pipeline steels[J]. Mater. Mech. Eng., 2007, 31(3): 4(张小立, 庄传晶, 吉玲康等. 高钢级管线钢的有效晶粒尺寸[J]. 机械工程材料, 2007, 31(3): 4)
[18] Dong J M, Mao Q Y, Bi Z Y, et al.Analysis on microstructure and impact toughness of X100 and X80 pipeline steel[J]. Welded Pipe Tube, 2014, 37(12): 16(董俊明, 毛秋英, 毕宗岳等. X100和X80管线钢组织与冲击性能分析[J]. 焊管, 2014, 37(12): 16)
[19] Saleh A A, HejazI D, Gazder A A, et al. Investigation of the effect of electrolytic hydrogen charging of X70 steel: II. Microstructural and crystallographic analyses of the formation of hydrogen induced cracks and blisters[J]. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41: 12424
[20] Sun Y W, Chen J Z, Liu J.Study on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of 1000 MPa grade 0Cr16Ni5Mo steel[J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2015, 51: 1315(孙永伟, 陈继志, 刘军. 1000 MPa级0Cr16Ni5Mo钢的氢脆敏感性研究[J]. 金属学报, 2015, 51: 1315)
[21] Masoumi M, Silva C C, de Abreu H F G. Effect of crystallographic orientations on the hydrogen-induced cracking resistance improvement of API 5L X70 pipeline steel under various thermomechanical processing[J]. Corros. Sci., 2016, 111: 121
[22] Ma H C, Liu Z Y, Du C W, et al.Stress corrosion cracking of E690 steel as a welded joint in a simulated marine atmosphere containing sulphur dioxide[J]. Corros. Sci., 2015, 100: 627
[23] Haq A J, Muzaka K, Dunne D P, et al.Effect of microstructure and composition on hydrogen permeation in X70 pipeline steels[J]. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38: 2544
[24] Mohtadi-Bonab M A, Eskandari M, Rahman K M M, et al. An extensive study of hydrogen-induced cracking susceptibility in an API X60 sour service pipeline steel[J]. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41: 4185
[25] Marchetti L, Herms E, Laghoutaris P, et al.Hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of tempered 9%Cr-1%Mo steel[J]. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36: 15880
[26] Peng X H, Liu J, Huang F, et al.Effect of microstructure on hydrogen-induced cracking propagation and hydrogen trapping efficiency of pipeline steel[J]. Corros. Prot., 2013, 34: 882(彭先华, 刘静, 黄峰等. 微观组织对管线钢氢致裂纹扩展方式及氢捕获效率的影响[J]. 腐蚀与防护, 2013, 34: 882)
[27] Mohtadi-Bonab M A, Eskandari M, Szpunar J A. Texture, local misorientation, grain boundary and recrystallization fraction in pipeline steels related to hydrogen induced cracking[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, A620: 97
[28] Hu C L, Xia S, Li H, et al.Effect of grain boundary network on the intergranular stress corrosion cracking of 304 stainless steel[J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2011, 47: 939(胡长亮, 夏爽, 李慧等. 晶界网络特征对304不锈钢晶间应力腐蚀开裂的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2011, 47: 939)
[29] Mohtadi-Bonab M A, Karimdadashi R, Eskandari M, et al. Hydrogen-induced cracking assessment in pipeline steels through permeation and crystallographic texture measurements[J]. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2016, 25: 1781
[30] Zhang T M, Wang Y, Zhao W M, et al.Hydrogen permeation parameters of X80 steel and welding HAZ under high pressure coal gas environment[J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2015, 51: 1101(张体明, 王勇, 赵卫民等. 高压煤制气环境下X80钢及热影响区的氢渗透参数研究[J]. 金属学报, 2015, 51: 1101)
[31] Arafin M A, Szpunar J A.A new understanding of intergranular stress corrosion cracking resistance of pipeline steel through grain boundary character and crystallographic texture studies[J]. Corros. Sci., 2009, 51: 119
[1] CHANG Songtao, ZHANG Fang, SHA Yuhui, ZUO Liang. Recrystallization Texture Competition Mediated by Segregation Element in Body-Centered Cubic Metals[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1065-1074.
[2] ZHANG Haifeng, YAN Haile, FANG Feng, JIA Nan. Molecular Dynamic Simulations of Deformation Mechanisms for FeMnCoCrNi High-Entropy Alloy Bicrystal Micropillars[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1051-1064.
[3] XU Yongsheng, ZHANG Weigang, XU Lingchao, DAN Wenjiao. Simulation of Deformation Coordination and Hardening Behavior in Ferrite-Ferrite Grain Boundary[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1042-1050.
[4] LI Fulin, FU Rui, BAI Yunrui, MENG Lingchao, TAN Haibing, ZHONG Yan, TIAN Wei, DU Jinhui, TIAN Zhiling. Effects of Initial Grain Size and Strengthening Phase on Thermal Deformation and Recrystallization Behavior of GH4096 Superalloy[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 855-870.
[5] WANG Zongpu, WANG Weiguo, Rohrer Gregory S, CHEN Song, HONG Lihua, LIN Yan, FENG Xiaozheng, REN Shuai, ZHOU Bangxin. {111}/{111} Near Singular Boundaries in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Recrystallized After Rolling at Different Temperatures[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 947-960.
[6] YANG Du, BAI Qin, HU Yue, ZHANG Yong, LI Zhijun, JIANG Li, XIA Shuang, ZHOU Bangxin. Fractal Analysis of the Effect of Grain Boundary Character on Te-Induced Brittle Cracking in GH3535 Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(2): 248-256.
[7] LI Xin, JIANG He, YAO Zhihao, DONG Jianxin. Theoretical Calculation and Analysis of the Effect of Oxygen Atom on the Grain Boundary of Superalloy Matrices Ni, Co and NiCr[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(2): 309-318.
[8] LIU Lujun, LIU Zheng, LIU Renhui, LIU Yong. Grain Boundary Structure and Coercivity Enhancement of Nd90Al10 Alloy Modified NdFeB Permanent Magnets by GBD Process[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(11): 1457-1465.
[9] WU Jin, YANG Jie, CHEN Haofeng. Fracture Behavior of DMWJ Under Different Constraints Considering Residual Stress[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(7): 956-964.
[10] WANG Jiangwei, CHEN Yingbin, ZHU Qi, HONG Zhe, ZHANG Ze. Grain Boundary Dominated Plasticity in Metallic Materials[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(6): 726-745.
[11] LI Haiyong, LI Saiyi. Effect of Temperature on Migration Behavior of <111> Symmetric Tilt Grain Boundaries in Pure Aluminum Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(2): 250-256.
[12] LUO Wenze, HU Long, DENG Dean. Numerical Simulation and Development of Efficient Calculation Method for Residual Stress of SUS316 Saddle Tube-Pipe Joint[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(10): 1334-1348.
[13] HU Biao, ZHANG Huaqing, ZHANG Jin, YANG Mingjun, DU Yong, ZHAO Dongdong. Progress in Interfacial Thermodynamics and Grain Boundary Complexion Diagram[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(9): 1199-1214.
[14] LIU Zhongwu, HE Jiayi. Several Issues on the Development of Grain Boundary Diffusion Process for Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(9): 1155-1170.
[15] NI Ke, YANG Yinhui, CAO Jianchun, WANG Liuhang, LIU Zehui, QIAN Hao. Softening Behavior of 18.7Cr-1.0Ni-5.8Mn-0.2N Low Nickel-Type Duplex Stainless Steel During Hot Compression Deformation Under Large Strain[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(2): 224-236.
No Suggested Reading articles found!

Copyright © 2017 Acta Metallurgica Sinica, All Rights Reserved.
Editorial Office: Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 72 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, China
Tel: +86- 024-23971286, Fax: +86-024-23843760 　E-mail: jsxb@imr.ac.cn
Powered by Beijing Magtech