ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES OF TiAl BASE ALLOYS

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00396

Acta Metall Sin

2015, Vol. 51

Issue (2): 129-147 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00396

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ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES OF TiAl BASE ALLOYS

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Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016

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. ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES OF TiAl BASE ALLOYS. Acta Metall Sin, 2015, 51(2): 129-147.

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Abstract

The history of research and development of γ-TiAl intermetallic alloys was outlined and divided into 4 stages: starting (1974~1985), revolutionary (1986~1995), emerging (1996~2005) and specialty materials (2006~). Major events and landmarks at the different stages were recounted to provide a framework for understanding scientific and technological progress. Key advances in the following 6 areas were reviewed: alloying, microstructure type, primary processing (melting), secondary processing (hot working), properties (including creep, fracture and fatigue, and oxidation), and tertiary processing (forming, covering both investment casting and near-net shape powder metallurgy). Future challenges were identified as follows: improvement of centrifugal casting technology, low-cost wrought process, development of third-generation alloys that meet design specifications, new applications based on new technologies, and viability of new forming routes such as additive manufacturing。

Key words: γ-TiAl intermetallic alloy cost-effective processing route application future challenge

Received: 18 July 2014

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Fig.1 Ti-Al binary phase diagram^[4]

Fig.2 Typical stages of development of advanced materials^[13]

Fig.3 Relationship between microstructure and cooling rate of Ti-46Al-8Nb alloy^[37]

Fig.4 SEM image showing deformation and fragmentation of lamellae of Ti-47Al alloy single pass compressed to 70% with strain rate 0.01 s^-¹at 1200 ℃^[109]

Fig.5 Schematic showing lamella fragmentation of γ -TiAl alloy^[109]

(a) recrystallization of γ and spheroidization of α₂ first occurred at colony boundaries, with inclined lamellae rotating to become horizontal and segmented

(b) hard-orientation lamellae segmented through bending and kinking

(d) grain refinement due to γ recrystallization

Fig.6 Hot extruded preforms of γ-TiAl (a) and car engine valves machined from the preforms (b) (Institute of Metal Research, CAS)

Fig.7 Schematic diagrams illustrating texture evolution and formation of lamellar orientation during α solution treatment and subsequent cooling (The extrusion direction ED is horizontal and the transverse direction TD is vertical. The area of each color is roughly proportional to the intensity of the texture component it represents. The pairs of texture components of the α₂ and γ phases that obey the Blackburn orientation relationship are indicated below the thermo-mechanically treated lamellar (TMTL) microstructure)^[112]

Fig.8 Process steps of investment casting process required for casting TiAl components^[173]

Fig.9 γ-TiAl low pressure turbine blade produced by centrifugal casting at the Institute of Metal Research, CAS

Fig.10 γ-TiAl car engine pistons produced by centrifugal casting at the Institute of Metal Research, CAS

Fig.10 γ-TiAl car engine connection rod produced by near net- shape powder metallurgy at the Institute of Metal Research, CAS

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